系统发育

The part of the embryonic mesoderm, consisting of loosely packed , unspecialized cells set in a

间叶细胞胚胎的中胚层部分，由生长于胶状基质的、结构松散的、无特定功能的细胞组成，这些细胞将会发育成结缔组织、骨、软骨、血液及淋巴系统

The virtual metamer with inbuilt physiological status and procedures, capability of dynamic deformation and reasoning can autonomously respond to environmental heterogeneity.

论文工作的特殊贡献在于将人工生命、机器学习、智能计算、仿真技术、植物学、植物生理学、系统生物学等理论、方法与技术整合到虚拟植物智能生理引擎中，能够在专家数据支持有限的情况下自动地学习、发现植物生长的规律，用相对简单的生理过程和规则产生植物生长发育的复杂智能行为，为虚拟植物提出了新的研究方法和建模方式。

At the same time, the MEMS geophone can be used to monitor the microseismic event of coal mining, water reservoir and hydraulic fracturing through the research of failure location and the ratio of rock fracture can be predicted by counting numbers of acoustic emission.After spent six months to monitor injecting microseism in Ying 11 block of DongXin field using this system and collect abundant microseismic wave files. The result showed that the orientation of injecting fracture was mainly NE90°to NE125°. The maximum horizontal principal stress directions were mainly distributed in NE90°-NE130°range. Analysis of numerical simulation result of reservoir stress in Ying 11 block showed that the maximum horizontal principal stress directions are approximate east-west in central and western region and approximate NE130°at eastern border.

利用该系统对东辛油田营11进行了六个月现场注水微震监测，对监测数据的处理表明营11注水区域裂缝发育方向基本上为NE90°-NE125°；同时营11地区油藏地应力数值模拟结果分析表明其水平最大主应力的方向主要分布在NE90°-NE130°的范围内，研究范围中西北区块的水平最大主应力方向近似为东西向，研究区块的东部边界的水平最大主应力方向近似为NE130°左右，模拟结果与裂缝监测方位相符较好，两者结合给出了这个地区合理开发部署建议。

This stage has a close relation to the system classification development and evolution of moss.

此阶段与藓类植物的系统分类、发育和进化有密切关系。

On the basis of these results, the estuarine mixing type and characteristics, and the formation and development of maximum turbidity zone, and the morphodynamics of intertidal mudflat evolution, and the effects on hydrodynamic and sediment environment caused by estuarine regulation are analyzed in detail. Finally, it is pointed out that the multi-disciplinary study, the numerical simulation and prediction by use of mathematical models, and the quantization of the hydrodynamic and sedimentary processes are the focal issues in future.

在系统总结近年主要相关研究成果的基础上，着重讨论了强潮河口的混合类型与特征、最大浑浊带的形成发育与主因、潮滩地貌的动力影响因素与演变过程、河口综合治理的特点与人类活动引起的水沙变异等问题，并指出多学科交叉、数学物理模拟与预报、水沙动力机理与过程的量化等方面是未来研究重点与方向。

The correlative analysis was done between PAIs and postoperative outcome. Results: The minimal diameter of right pulmonary artery was found at proximal portion in 62 cases, at middle portion in 22 cases and at distal portion in 34 cases; the minimal diameter of left pulmonary artery was found at proximal portion in 46 cases, at middle portion in 13 cases, at distal portion in 59 cases. The length of stay in ICU, mechanical ventilation time, dose of inotropic drugs correlated well with modified pulmonary artery index better than Nakata index, with Nakata index better than McGoon index.

目前临床上多用McGoon指数、Nakata指数作为形态学指标评估肺血管容量及肺血流情况，一般认为McGoon指数、Nakata指数越大，术后低心排发生率越低，生存率越高，但这些指数有以下缺点：l 左、右肺动脉第一分支处的单点测量值能否反映肺血管的全貌尚有疑问。2 McGoon指数、Nakata指数无法预计术后肺血管的潜在发育能力。3 McGoon指数、Nakata指数都需通过心血管造影后测量获得，价格昂贵，有一定的创伤性，无法系统观察。

Increased number of both total and granular haemocytes at nauplius I stage impressed a possible enhancement of the immune system as the embryogenesis progressed.Ⅱ.

在无节幼体Ⅰ期样品中，血细胞总数和大颗粒细胞数量较胚胎期都显著增加，反映了对虾免疫系统随着胚胎发育的进行而加强。

Background: In order to the need of fetal growth, normal pregnancy induces a variety of cardiovascular adaptations.

研究背景：为了满足胎儿生长发育的需要，母体心血管系统发生一系列适应性变化。

Although the ontogeny of the optic system to the lateral geniculate body, superior colliculus have been well studied.

虽然视神经的发育已有报告，但对於到副视神经系统的内终核之研究却未有了解。

Recent advances in cellular and molecular biology of PNEC system particularly their ontogeny and mechanisms of neuroendocrine differentiation in developing lung are reviewed.

最近对PNEC系统，特别是在肺发育过程中神经内分泌的个体发生和机制区别的细胞学和分子生物学的进展进行了回顾。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。