系统发育

The sequence analysis indicated thatCHS, F3H, DFR and 3GT cDNAs encoded the polypeptide of 389, 358, 382 and 448 aminoacid residues, respectively. Sequences of the encoded polypeptide comparison showed thatthey shared 76-96％identities with each corresponding solanaceous proteins reportedpreviously.

序列分析表明，以上四个基因分别编码389、358、382和448个氨基酸残基的多肽，在氨基酸水平上与茄科植物相应多肽的同源性最高，达到76-96％；多重比较和系统发育分析表明它们分别属于各自基因家族中的一员。

Although the Suidae animals were one of the most prosperous mammals, their taxa and phylogeny were poorly studied.

猪科动物是最为昌盛的哺乳动物之一，但它们的分类及系统发育关系却尚待解决。

Incorporat ed with the sequences of other Suidae species obtained from GenBank, the phyloge ntic trees of Suidae species were constructed by Neighbor-Joining and Most Pars imony method.

结合从GenBank中获得的其他猪科物种胞色素b序列，用邻接法和最大简约法构建了猪科物种的系统发育关系，其结果显示苏拉威西鹿猪与其他猪科物种为姐妹群的关系。

ITS2(Intemal Transcribed Spacer 2) region in ribosome DNA has a character of conservative that makes a low aberrance ratio, on the other side, ITS-2 region evolves itself. According to the characters, ITS-2 region sequencing is an effective parameter in taxology and pests-control..

核糖体基因的第二内转录间隔区有较高的保守特性，同时进化速度又较快，因此序列进行测序得出的种内差异，是系统发育学的有力参数，也有助于异色瓢虫分类学和农林虫害的防治。

A molecular phylogenetic tree was built with Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony software. Given the analysis results of the tree and the morphological characteristics of the strain, ZNLD-18 was Trametes versicolor.

利用PAUP软件构建分子系统发育树，通过对该树的分析并综合菌株的形态特征，鉴定菌株ZNLD-18为白腐菌Trametes versicolor。

Compared with Tribolium castaneum, they are 90% identities and Phylogenetic analysis shows that these two species are most closely related.

与赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum相比较，同源性高达90%，系统发育分析也表明两者的亲缘关系最近。

Based on the ITS sequences,the phylogentic tree of these species was constructed using the nrDNA ITS sequence of Ulothrix zonata as the outgroup.

通过实验分析莱茵衣藻1个种和互连网获得衣藻属15个种及丝藻属1个种，共17个种的nrDNA ITS序列，并以U.zonata为外类群，采用计算机分析软件包对其进行分析及构建分子系统发育树图。

Therefore, RAPD markers was used to detect genetic diversity of twenty populations of eighteen species from ten genera in Chinese Unionidae, its phylogeny were studied employing the combined analyses of RAPD markers, rDNA ITS1 sequence analysis and shell morphometrics.

为此，本研究采用RAPD技术对我国10属18种蚌类20个群体的遗传多样性进行了分析，将RAPD标记与rDNAITSl序列分析、贝壳形态度量分析相结合对我国蚌科的系统发育进行了研究。

The universal primers of ITS1 and ITS4 for fungi were used in amplification of genomic rDNA sequences. A target fragment was obtained by ITS-PCR. Then, the fragment is cloned into the vector of pMD18-T before sequencing. The result of sequencing showed that the fragment is 692 bp in length. The results of Blast in Genbank and the analysis of fungal rDNA systemic development show that the relation between this fragment to the fungi of Sporisorium is closest, while the relation between it to the fungi of Ustilago is much far. It suggests that the name of Ustilago scitaminea for sugarcane smut isn't consistent to the result of rDNA systemic development analysis. It still needs more experiments to support this hypothesis.

用真菌rDNA序列分析的通用引物ITS1和ITS4，通过ITS-PCR得到目的片段，克隆在pMD18-T载体上后进行测序，结果显示该片段的长度为692 bp，与Genebank中已报道的真菌序列进行Blast和系统发育树分析，表明所获得的序列与Sporisorium属真菌具有更高的亲缘关系，而与Ustilago属真菌的亲缘关系较远，这与一直沿用的甘蔗黑穗病菌的命名似乎并不吻合，有待进行更多的研究以证实。

During the period, six papers were published and one was included in SCI. A preliminary phylogenetic and zoogeographical study on some important and related genera were carried out and some important scientific names were corrected.

本项研究共发现中国新纪录属1个及一些中国新纪录种，已发表新种56个；在核心刊物上发表学术论文6篇，1篇被SCI收录；初步探讨了相关类群的系统发育和动物地理学问题，澄清了一些重要物种的学名，为织蛾科的生物多样性研究增加了很多新内容，为有关害虫的防治提供了基本依据。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。