系统发育

This study is the first attempt to combine gene sequences with morphological characters to provide a phylogenetic reconstruction of the subfamily Euphorinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).

本研究选取优茧蜂亚科Euphorinae（膜翅目Hymenoptera：茧蜂科Braconidae）的8族19属23种作为内群，茧蜂其它6个亚科的8属8种作外群，首次结合同源核糖体28S rDNA D2基因序列片段和41个形态学特征对该亚科进行了系统发育学研究。

A bacterial strain ADZ1 that demonstrated higher efficient in the aerobic denitrification was isolated from the sewage of urban rivers on the selective medium, Bromothymol Blue, after enriched in the shaking flasks. The reduction efficiency for nitrate and the total nitrogen reached 93.1% and 34.7% within 48 hours respectively. Sequence of 16S rRNA suggested that strain ADZ1 belongs to the genus of Pseudamonas, and further was identified as Pseudomonas putida by VITE K?

采用富集培养和BTB平板法从城市河道污水中筛选、分离获得了一株高效的好氧反硝化菌株ADZ1， 48 h内对硝酸盐的降解率为93.1%，总氮的去除率为34.7%。16S rRNA测序及系统发育分析结果表明该菌株属于Pseudamonas sp。，经VITEK？

The result from phylogenetic trees created respectively by MP, NJ and UPGMA indicates that Bryaceae and Bryum are not monophyletic. The definition of some groups of Bryaceae and Bryum is doubtful in traditional classification based on morphological data. The analyses approves that Pohlia is more closely related to Mniaceae than Bryaceae, which supports placement of Pohlia in Mniaceae from Bryaceae based on DNA sequence data.

系统发育分析的结果显示：丝瓜藓属Pohlia更接近于提灯藓科Mniaceae而远离真藓科Bryaceae的类群，支持Cox等分子序列证据将丝瓜藓属Pohlia放在提灯藓科Mniaceae的安排；大叶藓属Rhodobryum与真藓属Bryum作为姊妹群存在，不支持Ochi将其作为真藓属Bryum内一个亚属的安排。

By using the traditional taxonomic methods, electronic microscope examination, 18S rDNA, ITS sequences and phylogenetic analysis, an endophytic fungus HCCB1621 isolated from the cephalotaxus sinensi was identified as Trichoderma viride Pers.ex Fr. Its anti-tumor activities were studied as well.

利用传统分类学方法、电子显微镜观察、18S rDNA和ITS序列的测定以及系统发育分析对一株分离自粗榧抗肿瘤活性内生真菌HCCB1621进行分类鉴定，并对其产物抗肿瘤活性进行了初步研究。

Finally the two phylogenetic trees were compared and the phylogenetic affinity between the 16 species of the genus Chlamydomonas was analysed.

初步尝试以ITS分子序列系统发育分析作为传统性状分析的补充来研究衣藻种间的亲缘关系。

The number of synonymous nucleotide substitutionper synonymous site and the number of nonsynonymous nucleotide substitution per nonsynonymous site of cytb gene among Clupeidae fishes were calculated.

但单系类群I(包括大西洋鲱、太平洋鲱、欧洲黍鲱)和单系类群Ⅱ(包括欧洲沙丁鱼、加州沙丁鱼、南美拟沙丁鱼、斑点盖纹沙丁鱼)之间的系统发育关系尚不明确，因为它们之间的支持率很低。

Influence of phenanthrene on change processes of culturable microbial populations, and the enzyme activities in submerged paddy soil were studied using traditional incubation method.

本文全面探讨了菲污染对淹水稻田土壤的微生物生态毒性效应并分离到两株菲降解细菌，对其进行了鉴定以及系统发育研究，同时进行了降解特性和降解基因克隆及表达方面的研究，为建立有效的菲污染预警指标体系和菲降解微生物的有效利用提供有益的参考。

SQUA genes of Dendrocalamus latiflorus were sequenced, and phylogenetic form on SQUA genes in angiosperms was analyzed. Relative rate and adaptive evolution after SQUA gene duplication in recent common ancestor of monocots and eudicots were analyzed using the methods of relative rate test, statistic on synonymous and non-synonymous coden substitution sites and likelihood rate test.

测定了麻竹的SQUA基因序列并分析了被子植物中SOUA类基因的系统发育式样；采用相对速率检验、同义与非同义置换位点统计以及似然比检验方法，分析了单子叶和真双子叶植物最近共同祖先中SQUA基因发生基因重复后的进化速率与适应机制。

In the phylogenetic tree, this strain and Pseudomonas marginalis constitute a branch with only 73% sequence similarity, indicating that this strain had particular descendible characters.

从系统发育树上可以看出该菌株与Pseudomonas marginalis聚为一群，但两者的相似度只有73％，说明这株菌具有独特的遗传特性。

The results of 16S rRNA sequence and phylogenetic analysis show that the strain is the closest relative to Desulfovibrio sp. with 96.0% sequence similarity.

基于16SrDNA序列同源性构建了系统发育树，结果表明此株菌是属于脱硫弧菌属的硫酸盐还原菌，与Desulfovibrio具有96.0%的序列相似性。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。