系统发育

He atavistic spikelets of Carex dabieensis and its significance on phylogeny.

itle 大别苔的返祖小穗及在系统发育上的意义。

The atavistic spikelets of Carex dabieensis and its significance on phylogeny.

大别苔的返祖小穗及在系统发育上的意义。

The atavistic spikelets of Carex dabieensis and its significance on phylogeny.

标题 大别苔的返祖小穗及在系统发育上的意义。

The advantage and limitation of using DGGE in uncovering genetic diversity and the potential role of endophtic bacteria in phylogeny and synchronic evolution among the Azolla, cyanobacteria and bacteria were discussed.

文中也讨论了应用DGGE研究遗传多样性的优点、不足以及内生细菌在满江红－蓝藻共生体的系统发育和协同进化中的可能作用。

Objective To investigate the phylogenic diversity of Bartonella in Yunnan Province,P.R.

目的 基于gltA基因序列的系统发育分析对云南巴尔通体的多样性进行分析。

The Bartonella in Yunnan not only shows phylogenetic diversity , but also shows specificity and there may be a potential species.

云南巴尔通体菌不仅具系统发育多样性，而且还具有其特异性和可能有潜在的新种。

objective to investigate the phylogenic diversity of bartonella in yunnan province,p.r.china, by using phylogenetic analyses based on glta gene sequence comparisons.

目的 基于glta基因序列的系统发育分析对云南巴尔通体的多样性进行分析。

China, by using phylogenetic analyses based on gltA gene sequence comparisons. Methods The 32 variants of Bartonella isolated in Yunnan Province and published in GenBank from 1999 to today were taken as the target strains.

用云南省1999年至今分离到的并已在GenBank中公布的32个巴尔通体变异体为目标株，利用网上核酸序列比对程序BLAST进行核酸序列同源性搜索，调出相似性最高且有效发表种典型菌株为对比株，进行比对和系统发育分析。

Methods the 32 variants of bartonella isolated in yunnan province and published in genbank from 1999 to today were taken as the target strains. the most closely related typical strains searched by blast in genbank with sequencing program were taken as comparative stains and their glta gene sequences were compared each other.

用云南省1999年至今分离到的并已在genbank中公布的32个巴尔通体变异体为目标株，利用网上核酸序列比对程序blast进行核酸序列同源性搜索，调出相似性最高且有效发表种典型菌株为对比株，进行比对和系统发育分析。

The RAPD results illustrate that the phylogenetic relationship betweenBothriocephalid tapeworm parasitic in Grass carpCtenopharyngodon idellus(C.et V.and Common carp(Cyprinus carpio L.)from different regions ofChina is infraspecific with noticeable variance bwtween them.Thephylogenetic trees based on the 3 sequences analyses above are constructed,which show the following relationships:Bothriocephalid tapeworms fromGrass carp,Common carp and Luciobrama are found to be monophyletic,and are very close to Bothriocephalus opsariichthydis,but are divergent toanother monophyletic group comprising Bothriocephalid tapeworms fromZacco,Hemiculter and Leuciscus.On the basis of phylogenetic reconstruction,autapomorphic species conceptis used in species delimitation suitablefor determining four species in the present study:B.acheilognathi,B.opsariichthydis,and two other bothriocephalids parasitic respectively inHemiculter and Leuciscus.It is also deduced that the differentiation time ofBothriocephalid tapeworms parasitic in cyprinids is earlier than that of theirhosts,and the most recent specification happened about one million yearsago.Key words Bothriocephalid tapeworm Molecular Systematics

具体成果有：通过RAPD分析探明了我国不同地理分布的草、鲤鱼头槽绦虫的亲缘关系属于种下水平，并存在较高变异；通过基因合并分析重建头槽绦虫的系统发育关系，表明草鱼、鲤鱼及鯮鱼头槽绦虫是单系群，它们与马口鱼头槽绦虫亲缘关系较近，而与〓条、宽鳍鱲及雅罗鱼头槽绦虫构成的另一单系群亲缘关系较远；在此基础上，提出符合头槽绦虫种的界定的独征物种概念，据此确定鲤科鱼类寄生头槽绦虫的四个种：鱊头槽绦虫，马口鱼头槽绦虫，以及另两种分别寄生于〓条和雅罗鱼的头槽绦虫：根据上述研究推断鲤科鱼类寄生头槽绦虫的分化年代早于其宿主，最近的一次物种形成距今约一百万年左右。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。