系统发育

The new shape of the gnathostome tree shows that early sarcopterygians, as well as Actinopterygians and chondrichthyans, ought to be turning up in Silurian sediments.

朱敏等构建的进化树推进了对早期硬骨鱼类和有颌类的系统发育关系的研究。

Phylogeny and systematics of sect. Macranthae and sect. Smilax in the Smilax were investigated based on morphology and molecular data.

本文通过形态及分子数据的分析对菝葜属圆锥菝葜组及穗菝葜组进行了系统发育研究。

Accessions from subgenus Amygdalus, subgenus Prunus, subgenus Armeniaca, subgenus Cerasus were studied by RAPD technology and clustered according to mentioned phylogenic contents. Polymorphic information contents were calculated among species in subgenera and demes in P.

运用RAPD技术对223个桃、李、杏、梅、樱类植物进行分子标记，采用聚类方法对上述内容研究，综合两种方法研究结果，探讨桃亚属植物分子系统发育关系，并对引物在各类间的多态信息量分析。

The internal transcribed spacer regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA from 8 species of subgenus Amygdalus were sequenced, and analyzed together with other ITS data of 18 species representing subgenus Cerasus, subgenus Armeniaca and subgenus Primus by using of Padus racemosa Gilib. and Padus buergeriana Yüet Ku as outgroup for studying phylogeny of subgenera in stone fruit plants.

采用核核糖体DNA内转录间隔区对桃亚属的光核桃、甘肃桃、新疆桃、山桃、陕甘山桃、扁桃、野扁桃基因序列测序及来源于GenBank的李、杏、梅、樱的18个种的ITS区基因序列，以稠李和楼木、梅和杏分别作为对桃亚属及其近缘亚属植物、桃亚属各种类的外类群，进行系统发育树的建立。

Urticae and constituting the phylogenetic tree, we found that they were similar to or completely identical with the wsp gene sequences of some strains of Wolbachia of Ori group in B supergroup.

对序列进行系统发育分析，发现它们全部与B大组Ori组的乳Wolbachia株系十分相近或完全相同。

The prospects of molecular systematics in Aphidinea in the future are also discussed.

并对未来蚜虫分子系统发育研究趋势进行了展望。

In insect molecular systematics, however, only partial sequence was used in several studies.

然而在昆虫中，仅仅部分基因片断被用于少量分子系统发育研究。

Resolving the higher-level relationships among ostariophysan and related fishes will aid in resolving basal teleostean divergence and provide basis to historical biogeographic analysis of major freshwater fish groups.

解决骨鳔鱼类及其相关类群的高阶系统发育关系有助于解决基部真骨鱼的分化，而且为主要的淡水类群——世界性分布的耳鳔系鱼类的历史生物地理学分析奠定基础。

Although ubiquitous, the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of fish trypanosome s are uncertain.

在自然条件下，锥虫经吸血水蛭传播广泛寄生于各种海水和淡水鱼类，但鱼类锥虫的分类和系统发育关系并不清楚。

Keywords fish trypanosome ;isolation;taxonomy;phylogeny analysis

鱼类锥虫；分离；分类学；系统发育分析

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。