系统发生

It is true that system could oscillate back-wards and forwards in this dead zone.

不过，系统在这个死区内可能会发生来回的振荡。

Bonding structure and the change of chemical composition at the Cu/ceramic interface are investigated systematically with microanalysis. Furthermore, it is observed that copper bonding to Al〓O〓 ceramic is formed by chemical reaction between Cu〓O within the Cu-Cu〓O eutectic and Al〓O〓 at high temperature, CuAlO〓 as a reaction result is produced, mechanic join and physical osmose are not the main factor.

运用多种显微分析技术，对铜-陶瓷键合界面的微观结构，以及键合前后物相化学成份的变化，进行了系统的研究，在此基础上，明确了Cu-Al〓O〓陶瓷的键合机理；机械交联和物理渗透不是形成键合的首要因素，键合是通过Cu-Cu〓O共晶熔体中的Cu〓O相在高温下与Al〓O〓陶瓷发生了化学反应，形成了牢固的化学键合，同时伴随有一些CuAlO〓物相的生成。

The present study is to culture otocyst cells in fetal, cochlear sensory epithelial cells of neonatal and mature respectively in vitro with refinement of culture media and techniques. Immunocytochemistry and Bromodeoxyuridine labeling are used to detect properties and mitotic status of cultured cells. With the observations about proliferation and differentiation in cultured cells, we want to find the origin of regenerative cells and to understand how these progenitors proliferate and differentiate.

本研究分别对胎鼠听囊、新生鼠听觉上皮和成年鼠听觉上皮用自然培养方法进行体外培养，并应用免疫细胞化学方法，对培养细胞进行染色标记和观察，系统了解哺乳动物听觉细胞发生、发育过程，以及这些细胞在体外的增殖和分化过程，旨在了解哺乳动物听觉细胞听觉上皮感觉细胞的来源，发现细胞生长的前体细胞。

Methods: The model rats of spleen-Yang deficiency syndrome were established by the complex methods of improper diet and overstrain.

丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen -activatedproteinkinas es，MAPK)是生物体内重要的信号转导系统之一，能对广泛的细胞外刺激发生反应。

With the purpose of a worldwide-accepted terminology and classification of precancerous lesions, Padova and Vienna classifications are established and reach a consensus that epithelial dysplasia is the earliest visible manifestation of neoplasia and the stage at which invasion has not yet occurred.

鉴于此，国际上制定了帕达瓦和维也纳新分类系统，对异型增生的诊断标准提出全新的概念，明确将高级别胃上皮异型增生作为胃癌最早期的镜下可见阶段，只是尚未发生浸润。

In the traditional virtual memory system, a full dirty page is written back to the secondary storage on a page fault.

在传统的虚拟记忆体系统中，当发生了分页错误的时候，被取代的主记忆体页将会整个被写回储存媒体中。

The activities that take place through the parasympathetic system are spontaneous happenings.

采取的活动，通过副交感神经系统的地方是自发发生的事情。

In our study, the increased HR indicate that the parasympathetic nerve system was predominant in vivo or the intracardiac sympathetic nerve enhanced its modulation in vitro.After treatment of Atr, the isolated heart was only controlled by the intracardiac sympathetic nerve.

如果离体前后交感和副交感神经支配心脏的程度相同，HR不应发生明显变化，本实验中离体后HR增加，表明离体前副交感神经系统占优势或者离体后心内交感神经功能亢进。

It is indicated that the involved species of this subfamily clustered into two clades: the first clade includes those of the genus Neptis, Phaedyma, Pantoporia and Lintinga; the second one includes those of the genus Parthenos, Moduza, Limenitis, Athyma, Lexias and Euthalia. The genus Limenitis is suggested to be monophyletic; and the genera Euthalia and Lexias proved to be sister to each other and form a monophyletic group. The genus Litinga appears to be more closely related to Neptini than to Limenitini.

基于Cytb基因的线蛱蝶亚科系统发育分析结果表明，所有线蛱蝶亚科聚为两大枝：第一枝包括环蛱蝶属、菲蛱蝶属、蟠蛱蝶属和缕蛱蝶属；第二枝包括丽蛱蝶属、穆蛱蝶属、线蛱蝶属、带蛱蝶属、律蛱蝶属和翠蛱蝶属；其中线蛱蝶属非单系群，翠蛱蝶属和律蛱蝶属则为单系发生，并构成姐妹群；缕蛱蝶属与环蛱蝶族亲缘关系较近。

The DC reactive power is the only parameter to be specified in calculation, and the partial differential formulas in Jacobian matrix do not change when the DC control model changes.

计算时，只需规定换流器直流侧的无功功率，而且当直流系统控制方式发生变化后不需重新推导Jacobian矩阵中的偏导公式。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。