系统发生

In Xinxiang Aera of Henan Province in 1997, the occurrence of cotton pests were investigated in the Bt cotton and common cotton fields The result showed that the numbers of cotton bollworm egg were similarly in both fields, but that of survival larvae on Bt cotton were lower than that on common cotton The occurrence of cotton aphis was no difference but the spider mite were more heavy in Bt cotton field At the same time,control strategy against cotton pests were discussed for the Bt cotton

对河南新乡棉区种植的转Bt基因棉和常规棉棉田虫情进行了定点系统调查和大田普查，结果表明：棉铃虫在两种棉田棉花上的落卵量无明显差别，而幼虫存量差异显著，Bt棉棉花上幼虫存量显著降低；Bt棉对棉蚜的发生无明显的影响，而Bt棉上棉红蜘蛛的发生比常规棉略重，同时初步研究制定出种植Bt棉后的棉虫综防对策

Analysis with numerical simulation shows that the equilibrium may not change its stability at all or changes its stability up to a finite number of times.

研究表明，系统在不同参数控制下，平衡点的稳定性可以不发生改变，也可以发生多次稳定性切换。

It is discovered that there is a new magnetic transition: the first order spin reorientation reform , at which the magnetization, the anisotropy coefficients and the mean fields of the two - sublattice system change, accompanying with the spin reorientation.

还发现存在一级自旋再取向重整转变，在发生自旋再取向转变的同时双亚点阵系统的磁化强度，磁晶各向异性参数，分子场等磁性的大小都发生改变，是一种新型磁性相变。

As the environment parameters change, the codes which are the Bragg wavelengths of the FBGs accordingly change in the same time and in the same location, so as to increase the system capability, realize the measurement of temperature stress and pressure for special engineering (such as oil tank, power station, tunnel) in a way of distributing measurement.

利用编码式光纤光栅的布拉格波长对待测对象的位置和温度、应力、应变等进行编码，当待测对象的环境参量发生变化时，与之对应的编码，即编码式光纤光栅的布拉格波长随之同时同点发生变化，借以提高传感系统的容量，实现对特定对象(如油罐、油气管道、高压变电站等)的温度以及应力、应变等的准分布式定点测量。

The recent studies on comparative genomics have further suggested that a third round of fish-specific genome duplication in ray-finned fishes might have occurred at about 350 million years ago, during the divergence between teleost fish and basal actinopterygian lineages. Therefore, FSGD might be related to the increase in species number and biological diversity during this time.

近期的系统基因组学研究资料进一步提出，在大约350百万年，辐鳍鱼还发生了第三次基因组复制，即鱼类特异的基因组复制(fish-specific genome duplication， FSGD)，且发生的时间正处在"物种极度丰富"的硬骨鱼谱系和"物种贫乏"的谱系出现分歧的时间点，表明FSGD与硬骨鱼物种和生物多样性的增加有关。

The recent studies on comparative genomics have further suggested that a third round of fish-specific genome duplication in ray-finned fishes might have occurred at about 350 million years ago, during the divergence between teleost fish and basal actinopterygian lineages. Therefore, FSGD might be related to the increase in species number and biological diversity during this time.

近期的系统基因组学研究资料进一步提出，在大约350百万年，辐鳍鱼还发生了第三次基因组复制，即鱼类特异的基因组复制(fish-specific genome duplication， FSGD)，且发生的时间正处在&物种极度丰富&的硬骨鱼谱系和&物种贫乏&的谱系出现分歧的时间点，表明FSGD与硬骨鱼物种和生物多样性的增加有关。

The age of MORB-type metabasic volcanic rocks is(1462± 28) Ma using the SHRIMP zircon U-Pb method.The presence of MORB and IAT assemblages suggests the existence of an ocean basin in Yunkai area,Guangxi,southwestern South China Block during Grenvillian.They probably defined as a part of archipelagic ocean system before South China has formed unified Rodinia during the Grenvillian orogeny.Cathaysia block and Yangtze block have experienced continent-continent collision orogenics behind this ocean basin subducted,and have formed unified Rodinia.

MORB和 IAT组合的出现说明位于华南板块西南端的广西云开地区在 Grenville期可能存在过洋盆，它们很可能代表了 Grenville期造山作用形成统一的 Rodinia超级大陆以前的一个&多岛洋盆&系统，华夏古陆和扬子板块可能在该古洋盆于新元古代早期发生的全球性 Grenville期造山运动而发生消减消失后才开始碰撞和造山，形成统一的 Rodinia超级大陆。

The result of stress analysis shows that temperature load induced remarkable thermal stress, and under pressure and temperature load, the distribution of the stress depend on the thermal stress. The most dangerous casse is not the steady operating case, but the transient case at the moment that the shell-side fluid is just shut down, but tube side pressure load and thermal load still retain.

通过强度分析表明，温度载荷对管板造成了较大的热应力，而且在温度载荷及压力载荷共同作用的工况，热应力决定了整个管板系统的应力分布；本题研究的管板的危险工况不是发生在管程载荷、壳程载荷和温度载荷同时作用的正常操作工况下，而是发生在可能出现的壳程压力先停(管程载荷和温度载荷同时作用)的瞬态工况下。

Sulfur corrodible sites and their characteristics were introduced of the prefractionation system, air preheaters of heating furnace and product air coolers etc,and chlorine corrodible sites and their characteristics were also presented of the thermocouple casing tubes, product air coolers and fire arrestors of heating furnace etc in the catalytic reforming and diesel hydrogenated unit s.

介绍了中国石油哈尔滨石化公司催化重整及柴油加氢装置在预分馏系统、加热炉空气预热器、加氢装置反应产物空冷器等处易发生硫腐蚀和在预加氢热偶套管、加氢反应产物空冷器、加热炉阻火器等处易发生氯腐蚀的部位及其表现特征，指出装置在低温(不高于120℃)、含水、容易被堵塞的部位易形成HCl-H2S-H2O腐蚀体系，分析了腐蚀原因和介质来源，总结和提出了开好原油的电脱盐、采用脱氯技术、加强对加热炉的排烟温度控制和腐蚀介质的精制与净化、加大空冷器的注水量等针对性防腐经验和措施。

On theses bases, the occur rencl survey, breaking out reason and control tactics for Heliothis armigera in China had been analysed from the angle of system.

并在此基础上，从系统的角度分析了我国棉铃虫发生的概况，大发生的原因与治理对策。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。