系统发生

Those figures indicate that when delay is very small, the stability of steady states doesn't change and chaos still exist. As delay increases, the stability of steady states is changed. When delay is near some critical value, a family of periodic solutions bifurcate from the steady state.

这些系统的相图显示了当时滞为零或者时滞很小时，平衡点的稳定性没有发生变化，于是轨道的混沌震荡也没有发生改变，而当时滞逐渐增大时，系统的混沌特性会发生变化，在τ取某些值时，混沌震荡会演变为一个稳定周期轨道。

When the grid suffers a short circuit fault, the relays in the grid, which have cooperate relation, find the element that the fault locates in, and insulate this element from the grid rapidly.

当电网发生短路故障时，安装于系统各个元件上的有着相互配合关系的保护装置判别出发生故障的元件，并迅速将故障元件从系统中隔离出来，使得系统剩余部分能正常运行。

Due to the existence of the switching signal, its dynamics may become very complicated, for example, the state trajectory may jump at the switching point, and its stability may change.

由于切换的存在使得系统的动态特性变得非常复杂，例如系统的状态轨迹可能会发生跳变，系统的稳定性可能会发生改变。

When parameters satisfy some assumptions, Rossler system is a chaotic dynamical system. In order to discuss the dynamical character of Rossler system and use delayed feedback control chaos, in the first, we discuss the stability of the steady states of Rossler system with delayed feedback. When the engenvalues of the linear part are pure imaginary numbers, we obtain the corresponding delay value. The stability of the steady state is lost when the delay passes through the critical value, and simultaneity chaos may vanish, as well as there will be a family periodic solutions bifurcate from the steady states.

在几个参数满足一定的假设条件下，Rossler系统是一个具有混沌特性的动力系统，为了研究该系统的动力学性质并利用时滞实现混沌控制，本文首先对具有时滞的Rossler系统的平衡点进行稳定性分析，当系统的线性部分对应的特征值为纯虚根时，算出相应的时滞τ，得到了平衡点的稳定性会在时滞τ取某些值时发生翻转，同时系统的混沌特性也会出现变化，并且在平衡点处系统经历Hopf分支。

Several experimental applications have been developed finally. In this paper, there areinnovations from the following four aspects:1. Definition and research methods of current distributed system and distributedinteractive simulation system follow those of traditional parallel computing system.While this paper points out it is one-sided to measure the scalability just from thenumber of processors and performance of a system, because the resources of distributed systems are heterogeneous and they can be used in diverse applications. Inthis paper, scalability of distributed interactive simulation platform is defined as theability of scaling (including scale-up and scale-down) in functionality and performanceof systems which is run on the platform when number of processors and otherhardware resources such as network change, i.e. when problem size is scaled up and system resources is increased, the performanceremains fixed and it is easy to expand the functions of simulationapplications.

本文的创新工作主要体现在下述4个方面：1、现有的分布式系统和分布式交互仿真系统可扩性的定义和研究方法都沿用了传统的并行计算系统可扩性的定义和研究方法，本文指出分布式系统的系统资源异构多样、应用种类丰富多样，只从传统方法采用的处理机资源和性能角度衡量一个系统是否可扩是有一定的片面性，提出了分布式交互仿真平台可扩性的定义是在处理机和网络等系统资源变化时，运行在平台上的分布式交互仿真系统在性能和功能方面发生扩缩的能力，即当问题规模扩大时，增加系统资源，系统能获得指定的性能及在功能方面能方便进行扩充。

The paper mainly concerns about:(1)Proposing the idea of completing the job using GIS software by discussing deficiency of the traditional transportation job;(2)Discussing the transportation plan algorithm and the flow, in this foundation, designing the transportation model programming realization flow chart;(3)With the comparison of the domestic and foreign GIS software platform, determining ArcGIS Desktop which has large drawing edit and spatial analyse functions as the development platform of transportation planning;(4)In the data organization and the database establishment, by using the recent object-oriented spatial data— Geodatabase and UML, completing the system database design and establishment, including spatial database, attribute database as well as transportation network database

详细研究内容如下：(1)论述了传统交通规划软件存在问题，提出了利用GIS平台开发交通规划系统的基本思想；(2)论述了交通规划的算法和流程，在此基础上，设计了交通模型编程实现的流程图；(3)通过比较国内外GIS软件平台，选定了具有强大图形编辑和空间分析功能的ArcGIS桌面版为交通规划系统的开发平台；(4)在数据的组织和数据库的建立上使用新的面向对象的空间数据—Geodatabase，并利用统一建模语言UML完成了系统数据库的设计与建立，包括空间数据库，属性数据库以及交通网络数据库；(5)论述了系统编程实现的基本方法，在ArcMap下采用VBA编程方法自由地定制了系统界面；(6)利用ADO Data和数据网格控件存取交通规划系统预测功能所需的数据库；(7)采用VB对ArcObject控件扩展开发方式，实现系统功能的开发，即利用COM技术的扩展性在VB中创建ActiveX动态链接库来实现特定的系统功能，并集成在ArcMap中运行；(8)系统完成了交通发生预测、交通分布、缓冲区分析、道路的网络分析、公交

The 28S rDNA molecular phylogenetic trees showed: 1 entoprocts and phylactolaemate ectoprocts constituted a sister group, strenghthening the opinion that entoprocts should be reunited into phylum Bryozoa; 2 the cheilostome gymnolaemates was obviously non-monophyletic; 3 bryozoans itself was polyphyletic beyond any doubt, its main lineages were scattered in different positions of the lophotrochozoan trees; 4 to our great interests, the phylogenetic position of cheilostomes was between the diploblastic and the triploblastic, indicating they may play an important role during the evolution route from the diplobastic to the triploblastic animals.

28S rDNA分子系统树显示，内肛动物和被唇类外肛动物聚在一起并互为姐妹群，支持将内肛动物重新归入苔藓动物门的结论；唇口目裸唇类外肛动物绝非单系发生；苔藓动物本身也不是单系发生的，其主要类群分别位于触手冠担轮动物系统树的不同位置，特别是，唇口目苔藓动物的系统地位介于二胚层动物和其它三胚层动物之间，可能是二胚层动物向三胚层动物演化过程中的一个关键类群。

mitochondrial dnais the only inheritant substance except for the nuclear dna in a euˉkaryon cell,which is related to the oxidative phosphorylation of a cell.mitochondrial dna is the important target of carcinogens and is vulnerable because of its structure and function.the mutation of mtdna could reduce the nomal respitation and release large quantities of ros,whichincrease the danger of cancer happening.so,mtdna has been thought to be involved in carcinogenesis and recently more and more studies in this aspect have comeout.in this paˉper,we review the researches for relationship among mtdna mutation and tumors in digestion system,woman system,head and neck,urinary systemand blood system.

线粒体dna（mitochondrial dna，mt dna）是真核细胞中唯一存在的独立于核dna之外的遗传物质，与细胞的氧化磷酸化功能密切相关。mtdna自身的结构和功能特点决定了它是致癌物作用的重要靶点，易受致癌因素的损伤而发生突变。mtdna的突变可削弱正常的呼吸功能，释放高水平的活性氧，进而增加肿瘤发生的危险性，所以mtdna被认为与肿瘤发生有密切关系。近年来，这方面的研究越来越多，本文现就mtdna突变与消化系统肿瘤、妇科肿瘤、头颈部肿瘤、泌尿系统肿瘤等实体瘤以及血液系统恶性肿瘤之间的关系作一简单的综述。

After the research it is held that when internal fault takes place in the transmission line where the series compensation device is located, the corresponding protective measures, e.g., the forced triggering the by-pass gap, etc., is the effective approach to avoid the appearance of excessing level of transient recovery voltageand oversize coupling current.

文章结合我国南方电网河池固定串补及平果可控串补工程，对超高压输电线路装设串联电容补偿装置后的系统状况进行了比较深入的研究，指出一些系统问题，如过电压水平升高、潜供电流增大和可能发生的次同步谐振均源于串联电容补偿装置的固有特性，通过研究认为当串补所在输电线路发生内部故障时，采取强制触发旁路间隙等保护措施，是避免出现系统恢复电压水平超标和潜供电流增大等问题的有效途径。

ABSTRACT It is because that the excellent acceptors for maize transgenic engineering are insufficient in our country, especially in the southwest mountain areas of china and hereditary variation regularity for the two characters such as efficiency of embryonic callus induction and number of regenerating plant (these two characters were abbreviated to the nduction efficiency and number of regenerating in the following of the paper, respectively), which hint the maize culturing capacity, is not very clear. Therefore, aiming at picking out superior acceptors, we had made systematic researches on the two characters with combing traditional quantitative-character genetic analyzing methods such as single-factor genetic mating design, diallel crossing genetic design, genetic effect analyzing method and the modern molecular locating method such as QTLs'. The main results are followed.(1) 50 superior inbred lines and about 30 crosses in our country, especially in the southwest of China were used for identifying and selecting the superior genotypes in the above two investigated characters under the same culturing condition in 2000 and 2001. There was very significant difference among the genotypes in the both characters. But the two characters were not certainly related. Some genotypes such as 18-599 and 18-599 were very good in them. For some ones such as zong 31, induction was higher than 18-599 and 18-599 in the efficiency, but it was only 1/3 to the later in regenerating number. In some genotypes such as S37, R08, R15, P138, A318, induction efficiency was just about 3% and scarcely any regenerating plants were got. On the whole, hybrids acted better than inbreeds in the both characters.(2) Two kind of inbreeds were selected as parents of the Griffing's method 1. 18-599 and 18-599 and the inbred line zong 31 are one kind because they are not only superior in the characters of maize cross breeding, such as CA, resistance to disease and the important agricultural characters, but also excellent in transformation characters as the induction and regeneration.

针对我国、特别是西南山地所需玉米转基因工程育种优良受体极为匮乏和反应玉米幼胚培养能力的2个主要性状，即玉米幼胚胚性愈伤组织诱导率和胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数的遗传变异规律十分不清楚的实际情况，本研究从筛选玉米转基因工程所需要的优良受体入手，采用单因素遗传交配设计、双列杂交遗传交配设计、世代基因效应等传统数量性状分析方法，以及现代分子标记定位主效QTL分析方法，对玉米幼胚胚性愈伤组织诱导率和胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数等2个性状进行了较为系统的分析研究，取得以下主要研究结果：(1)于2000年和2001年通过对我国、特别是西南地区近50份优良自交系和近30个杂交组合，在相同培养条件下，对幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织诱导率和胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数等2个幼胚培养能力性状进行了筛选与鉴定，发现玉米不同基因型具有完全不同的幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织诱导率和胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数，但幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织诱导率与胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数并不具有必然的相关关系，有的基因型，如自交系18-599和18-599在胚性愈伤组织诱导率和愈伤组织绿苗发生数等2个性状都表现相当优异；有的基因型，如自交系综31，仅幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织诱导率性状表现高于19-599和18-599，但在胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数这一性状则与它们有相当大的差距，仅为19-599和18-599的1/3左右；有的基因型，如S37、R08、R15、P138、A318等玉米自交系不仅幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织诱导率很低，平均仅在3％左右，而且胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数表现也很差，基本上没有分化成苗。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。