系统函数

First, one. analyzes the eigenstates-from reachable sets and seeks the one which the target state belongs to. Then using the Grover iteration to amplify the probability amplitude of the desired eigenstate (the modul square of which is the probability of the corresponding eigenstate that the system will collapse to when it is measured). By measuring, the system will then collapse to the desired eigenstate with a probability of almost unity. Finally, one can use the admissible control to drive the system from the eigenstate to the target state.

该策略的核心思想是对本征态能控的系统，通过分析控制目标态与本征态的关系，寻找给定目标态所属的本征态可达集，然后利用量子非结构化搜索的Grover算法，将任意给定的系统初始态经过一定次数的Grover迭代，放大该本征态所对应的概率幅(概率幅的模方对应测量时波函数塌缩到对应本征态的概率)，然后对迭代后的态进行一次测量操作，使系统以接近1的概率塌缩到所需的本征态(前面分析得到的本征态可达集所对应的本征态)，最后用容许的控制将系统从该本征态控制到期望的目标态。

This paper proposes an universal e-cash system based on partially blind signature which can be divided to small pieces of arbitrary number one time, so-called single-divisibility.

针对通用电子现金系统的难点在于其可分性，本文提出的方案以SK00系统为基础，实现其转移性(SK00公开问题)，并给商家颁发电子执照行使银行的部分职能，进而提出了一个显式可分(即一次性任意分割电子现金)的离线电子货币系统；同时利用以前的技术实现了一个采用树型结构的可分电子现金系统，并比较了这两个方案和以前方案的效率；二者安全性基于离散对数问题和强无碰撞Hash函数安全性；最后本文利用代理签名给出了一个新的部分盲签名方案。

By means of generalized Lyapunov function and linear matrix inequality,the asymptotical stability with zero solution is studied for the system,and a sufficient condition is given such that the system is asymptotically stable with zero solution and also a H∞ norm constraint .

针对非线性离散广义系统研究了状态反馈H∞控制器的设计问题，利用广义Lyapunov函数和线性矩阵不等式，首先对系统的零解渐近稳定问题进行了研究，并在此基础上给出了系统的零解渐近稳定且具有H∞范数约束的充分条件，之后设计了状态反馈H∞控制器，使闭环系统具有同样的性能，最后给出了数值算例说明本文结论的有效性和可行性

Based on the analysis of the mechanism of robot manipulators, a trajectory tracking controlling research model is first built up with ADAMS, and its mathematical model is formulated through the study of robot kinematics and dynamics. After the modeling errors are analyzed in practical robotic systems, a conception of centralized error is brought forward according to the theory of weighting functions. In the case of modeling errors' exist, the robotic uncertain model is derived by introducing an auxiliary control variable into inverse dynamic analysis. The control strategy of robust exponential convergence is applied to the robotic uncertain model, the applicable conditions and the applicable controller with this application are presented. The stable control effect under three main model uncertainties (parametric errors, joint disturbs, joint frictions) are systematically studied on the previously built research model. The problems of robust exponential convergence controller which often results in unstable output and so produces a large relative error when the input trajectory is in a small range are resolved by adjusting the control parameters based on the controller's structure.

本文在机械手的机械结构分析基础上，利用ADAMS建立了用于机械手轨线跟踪控制研究的机械手模型；通过对机器人运动学和动力学问题的研究，建立了机械手研究的数学模型；分析了机器人系统中模型误差的主要来源，根据加权函数法分析，提出了模型集中误差的概念；在存有模型误差的情况下，采用逆动力学结构并引入辅助控制量，由机器人误差模型推导了机器人非确定性模型；提出了采用鲁棒指数收敛法对上述机器人非确定性模型进行鲁棒镇定的控制策略，并给出了对机器人进行鲁棒指数收敛控制时系统不确定因素应满足的匹配条件；针对机械手研究模型，深入研究了鲁棒指数收敛控制器对机器人系统中常见的模型参数误差、关节扰动、关节摩擦等不确定因素的镇定控制效果；针对鲁棒指数收敛控制器易产生控制量振荡的问题以及在小范围内系统轨线跟踪的稳态误差过大问题，本文分别提出了基于控制器结构的控制参数调整法和基于轨线跟踪范围大小的控制参数分段切换法。

Different from traditional system protection models, such as access control matrix model, this theory describes the operations in system by functions of random variable vectors, build an analysis model of trusted system with three axioms, and analyze the information flow in the system by tracing the operation sequence of the system.

与访问控制矩阵模型等传统的保护系统模型不同，这一理论用随机变量向量的函数来描述系统操作，基于三条公设建立了可信系统的分析模型，并通过对系统操作序列的跟踪来分析系统中的信息流。

The main contents are as follows.1 For the state control problem in closed quantum systems, according to the distance between states, the error between states and the average value of an imaginary mechanical quantity, three Lyapunov functions are chosen, respectively. The corresponding control law designs and the convergence analyses are studied. Especially, for the Lyapunov function based on the distance between states, a class of control laws that can solve the problem that an initial state is orthogonal to a goal state is designed. The convergence of the system is analyzed via LaSalle\'s principle and one method to find the largest invariant set of the closed loop system is proposed by linearizing the unitary evolution operator at the corresponding instants.

在这一背景下，本论文在指出研究量子系统控制的必要性、回顾量子系统控制理论和方法的研究现状的基础上，从控制理论的角度研究Lyapunov理论和最优控制理论对于封闭量子系统的应用以及开放系统中的若干问题，主要内容包含以下几个方面。1针对封闭量子系统中的状态控制问题，根据状态间的距离、状态间的偏差、一个虚拟力学量的均值，分别选择三种Lyapunov函数进行相应的控制律设计和收敛性分析。

The design of output feedback H(subscript ∞) controllers is discussed for nonlinear discrete singular systems. First of all, by means of generalized Lyapunov function and linear matrix inequalities, zero solution E-asymptotically stable is studied for the system, a sufficient condition is given such that the system is zero solution E-asymptotically stable and a H(subscript ∞) norm constraint. And the output feedback H(subscript ∞) controller is designed to guarantee the performance of the resulting closed-loop system.

主要对非线性离散广义系统的输出反馈H控制器的设计问题进行讨论，首先利用广义Lyapunov函数和线性矩阵不等式，对系统的零解E-渐近稳定性问题进行分析，在此条件基础上给出系统零解E-渐近稳定且具有H范数约束的充分条件，然后设计系统的输出反馈H控制器，使得闭环系统具有同样的性能。

Then we systematically study state transition probability of two-unit series system and paralleled system and stable availability of system, and drew the following conclusions:Firstly, we present the partial differential equation which satisfies state transition probability of the two-unit series system, and proves that state transition probability satisfy the equation, and are their minimal nonnegative solutions.

然后对两个不同型部件、一个修理设备组成的串联系统和并联系统的状态转移概率，以及系统的稳态可用度进行系统研究，得到了如下一些结果。第一，对两个不同型部件、一个修理设备组成的串联系统，其寿命和修理时间的分布函数的各种情况，给出了状态转移概率所满足的偏微分方程组，证明了状态转移概率满足的方程，并且是这些方程的最小非负解。

An electromagnetic power steering kinematics model is built combined with the sensor and power equipment"s kinematics characteristic, then according to bond graph theory the bond graph model and diamond model of the electromagnetic power steering system are built based on the kinematics model. They could lead to the system"s transfer function, which is combined with automobile"s two freedom degree model, finally leads to the system"s model in condition with step input of steering wheel.

结合转矩传感器和电磁力发生装置的动力学特性建立了电磁式助力转向系统的动力学模型，然后在系统的动力学模型的基础上根据键合图理论建立了电磁式助力转向系统的键合图模型及其方块图模型，从而导出系统的传递函数，再结合二自由度汽车模型，最终建立了系统在方向盘转角阶跃输入下的模型。

Firstly, a class of affine nonlinear systems are considered. The single-layered neural networks are used to approximate the nonlinear functions of the systems. Stable adaptive control algorithms are presented based on system states feedback and system output feedback respectively. The boundary of the tracking error is guaranteed. Then, by using the technique of input-output linearization, the stable adaptive control method for general nonlinear systems is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive control algorithms are verified through the simulation researches for the control of robot manipulator.

首先考虑一类仿射非线性系统，利用单层神经网络去逼近系统的非线性函数，分别给出了基于系统状态反馈和输出反馈的稳定自适应控制算法，确保系统的跟踪误差有界；然后利用输入输出线性化方法，给出广义非线性系统的自适应控制方法；最后通过在机械手位置跟踪控制中的仿真研究，验证了所提方法的有效性。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷