系统

Under the condition of the following- factors concerning the optimization models:the investment cost, operating cost, unfair cost, payment evade cost, drivers" extra cost and environmental pollution cost.this paper raises the optimized models of multi-modes payment of teH collection system and its algorithm is proposed by SAGA -hybrid optimization strategy, which can simultaneously optimize the following results: the optimum locations of toll stations, numbers of toll stations, the numbers of different tolling, modes" tailgates of every toll station, ETC users discount rate.and can estimate the installation rate of TAG of every toll station.the actual traffic flow capadty of different toiigate, can obtain the best toll collection system under the different simulated decision conditions.

本文充分考虑了驾驶员缴费技术选择与缴费车道选择的特性，提出了驾驶员缴费方式随机选择模型；在考虑了收费系统的投资成本、营运成本、不公平成本、漏收成本、驾驶员的额外成本和环境污染成本等因素的基础上，提出了多收费方式收费系统的优化模型，提出采用模拟退火遗传算法进行收费系统寻优的算法，可同时优化出一个收费系统的收费站位置与数量、不同收费站不同收费方式的收费车道数和ETC用户的折扣率等参数，可估算不同收费站TAG的安装率、不同收费车道实际使用量，可模拟不同决策情境下的最佳系统资源配置方案。

Because there are many types of components, it selects components appropriately based on the demand of products. This system is made up of the mode of coating paper with rollers, drive system composed of steel net supported and three drivers, dryness system composed of oven with air floated and drying um with electric tubes, synchronous control system with the positions of strain rollers. And it developed an appropriate software of control system. This system achieves demands of operation, stabilization, continuity and high efficiency.

由于涂布系统中各部件存在多种类型，根据生产产品的品质要求对涂布系统各部件进行了选型，最终选择了门辊涂布方式，采用钢网支撑，三电机控制的传动形式，结合气浮式烘箱以及电热管加热的烘缸组成的干燥系统，张力辊位置为控制对象的同步控制系统，同时设计了一套相应的软件控制系统，以实现连续稳定高效的生产要求。

The author ' s opinions related to the automatic sprinkling fire system design such as the nozzles, pipeline network, installation of alarm valve and the protection of the system are proposed on the basis of personal experiences in practice for years.

根据多年工作经验，就自动喷水灭火系统的喷头、管网、报警阀设置、系统的保护面等问题提出己见。并介绍CO2气体灭火系统，新型灭火剂FM-200和烟烙尽在应用中应注意的一些问题。关键词：自动喷水灭火系统 CO2气体灭火系统 FM-200 烟烙尽--样本内容

Introduces the significance of application of all-air air conditioning system and analyzes the two problems about energy- saving and purifying of using all outdoor-air in all-air air conditioning system .

介绍了应用全空气空调系统的意义，分析了全空气空调系统中全新风运行方式所带来的节能与净化的两大问题；认为全空气空调系统是较好的空调系统，将蒸发冷却技术、热回收技术、变风量控制技术相结合的蒸发冷却新风空调集成系统具有广阔的应用前景。

The problems on the types of urban green system,the biodiversity of urban green system,the art and science in urban green system planning and the public participation in urban green system planning were analyzed.The methods to solve these problems were advanced in order to provide reference for the future urban green sysrem planning.

分析城市绿地系统分类、城市绿地系统的生物多样性、城市绿地系统规划的艺术性与科学性及城市绿地系统规划中的公众参与等4方面存在问题，提出解决这些问题的方法，旨在为今后的城市绿地系统规划提供借鉴。

Moreover, the accuracy analysis for different measurements and parameters(such as time measure error, azimuth measure error, buoys error, baseline length and sound velocity fluctuation) are given respectively. To make the best use of the observation datas, the weighted least square localization algorithm is used to improve the accuracy in bistatic sonar. The simulation results show that the positioning accuracy of this algorithm is higher than the other four algorithms, with which the positioning accuracy in stations areas and side areas can be improved effectively.

同时，通过对系统各个因素，如系统的各观测量的测量误差、站址误差、基线长度、声速波动等参数对算法性能的影响，得出了各方法定位误差的分布规律；为了充分利用双基地声纳系统的观测数据，提高系统的定位精度，采用加权最小二乘方法对系统的数据进行优化处理，仿真结果表明该方法定位精度明显高于基本方法的定位精度，能有效的改善发射站和接受站侧边区的定位精度，且定位性能受站址测量误差的影响较小。

So the technique of uncooled microbolometer infrared imaging has become one of the main points from now on. In the paper uncooled microbolometer infrared imaging system is studied from focal plane character, image dealing and application. The details are in the following: On uncooled microbolometer infrared focal plane aspect: first, the work principle of microbolometer, manufacturing technology of microbolometer infrared focal plane, temperature balance equation of microbolometer detector are analyzed. The performance of microbolometer detector is predicted by model. Second, the infrared focal plane is the core of infrared system, whose quality can determine the performance of the system. It is the precondition that the high quality of every detective unit maintains the qualification of the focal plane. The even degree of detective units has great influence on imaging characters if the other characters of detective units are normal.

本文以非致冷微测辐射热计红外成像系统为对象，从焦平面特性、图像处理和红外系统应用方面展开分析、研究，具体内容如下；在微测辐射热计红外焦平面方面，首先分析了微测辐射热计的工作原理、微测辐射热计红外焦平面的工艺制作、微测辐射热计探测单元的温度平衡方程，根据有关参数对其特性进行建模预测；其次，红外焦平面是红外系统的核心，它的质量的好坏直接决定系统性能，因此保证其各探测单元的高性能是维护焦平面品质的前提，在探测单元其它特性正常的情况下，各探测单元之间特性的均匀程度对系统成像性能有极大影响，为此本文提出自适应滤波多项式焦平面非均匀性校正算法从软件角度解决焦平面的固有的噪声问题。

Based on rail/wheel reaction and track/bride reaction theory and systems engineering theory, new vehicle-track and vehicle-track-bridge system dynamic models are established and discussed in details, including ballast track model and ballastless track model. The characteristics of the models are:(1) vehicle-track and vehicle-track-bridge system dynamic models are coupled in vertical and lateral;(2) track vibration on bridge is taken in account, track on bridge is considered as one or two layer continuous-point supported rail model, according to actual track structure, interaction between vehicle and bridge transfer from track structure;(3) three type of ballastless track models (tieembanked, elastic-tie-block, slab track) are presented;(4) models reflect the main feature of actual vehicle, track and bridge structure, the response computation frequency of models is relatively broad, which can be applied to analyze both low frequency and high frequency vibration.

基于轮轨相互作用和线桥相互作用特点，本文从系统工程角度出发建立了车辆、有碴轨道和无碴轨道、简支箱梁桥垂向和横向耦合系统动力分析模型，该系统模型具有以下特点：（1）车线、车线桥体系均考虑为垂向、横向耦合振动系统，车线间通过轮轨接触几何关系耦合，轨道与桥梁间通过轨道与梁体间的力与位移协调条件耦合；（2）充分考虑桥上线路在车线桥系统中参振作用，根据桥上线路轨道结构特点将桥上轨道结构模型具体化，即对桥上轨道结构视为多层支承体系，车桥间的动力作用通过轨道结构来传递；（3）建立了三种形式无碴轨道动力分析模型，即长轨枕埋入式、弹性支承块式和轨道板式无碴轨道模型；（4）系统模型详细，分析频带宽，适用范围较广。

First according to the hydraulic pressure elevator system diagram, use the machine design and hydraulic transmission knowledge calculates the diameter of the plunger, cylinder tube wall thickness as well as cylinder bottom thickness; second, through the examination confirmation to the obtained result to complete the work of cylinder design; Simultaneously has carried on the component choice and the computation; Through to the system calorific capacity computation the and the volume of cooling water while the fuel tank cools when needs to complete the hydraulic pressure elevator fuel tank design; Based on the system oil stream condition to calculated the tube internal pressure lose, the local pressure loss as well as the all of the pressure lose to carried on the system checking calculation; Finally through the consult correlation design handbook to calculation and examines the belt, the band pulley, the axis, as well as the key, has completed the hydraulic pressure elevator pumping station transmission system design.

首先根据液压电梯系统原理图，利用机械设计与液压传动等方面的知识计算出柱塞的直径、缸筒的壁厚以及缸底厚度，并对所得结果进行校核验证完成了工作油缸的设计；同时进行了元件的选择和计算；其次，通过系统发热量的计算和油箱冷却时需要的冷却水量的计算完成了液压电梯油箱的设计；依据系统油流状态计算出管内压力损失、局部压力损失以及总压力损失进行了系统的验算；最后通过查阅相关设计手册对带、带轮、轴、以及键进行设计计算和校核，完成了液压电梯的泵站传动系统的设计。

Firstaccording to the hydraulic pressure elevator system diagram, usethe machine design and hydraulic transmission knowledge calculatesthe diameter of the plunger, cylinder tube wall thickness as wellas cylinder bottom thickness; second, through the examinationconfirmation to the obtained result to complete the work ofcylinder design; Simultaneously has carried on the component choiceand the computation; Through to the system calorific capacitycomputation the and the volume of cooling water while the fuel tankcools when needs to complete the hydraulic pressure elevator fueltank design; Based on the system oil stream condition to calculatedthe tube internal pressure lose, the local pressure loss as well asthe all ofthe pressure lose to carried on the system checking calculation;Finally through the consult correlation design handbook tocalculation and examines the belt, the band pulley, the axis, aswell as the key, has completed the hydraulic pressure elevatorpumping station transmission system design.

首先根据液压电梯系统原理图，利用机械设计与液压传动等方面的知识计算出柱塞的直径、缸筒的壁厚以及缸底厚度，并对所得结果进行校核验证完成了工作油缸的设计；同时进行了元件的选择和计算；其次，通过系统发热量的计算和油箱冷却时需要的冷却水量的计算完成了液压电梯油箱的设计；依据系统油流状态计算出管内压力损失、局部压力损失以及总压力损失进行了系统的验算；最后通过查阅相关设计手册对带、带轮、轴、以及键进行设计计算和校核，完成了液压电梯的泵站传动系统的设计。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。