系数群

Its results showed that ratio of length to width of petal and sepal and the degree of flat of achene within population were characterized as the most stable characters and gradually increased with the increase of latitude.

结果表明，居群内，瘦果扁平度、花瓣长宽比、萼片长宽比变异最为稳定，居群间，这3个繁殖器官的相对性状呈现随着纬度的增加逐渐增大的趋势，并且随纬度的增加，核型不对称系数呈现不断增加而染色体总长不断减小的趋势。

The authors calculated the energy deposition coefficients of 4He + on C and Cu under the normally incident condition by using the improving bipartition model which accounts for the angular correlation of energy losses partly.

利用部分地考虑了能量损失的角关联的改进离子输运双群模型，计算了4He＋离子垂直入射到C和Cu上的能量沉积系数，改进了早期的离子输运双群模

This article, in the term of Eigenfunction method of Quantum mechanics, illustrated indetail the Irreducible representation (Irreducible representation marices) of Reprensentation group of computatile space group and the disposition of phase factor of Irreducible representation basis and the disposition method of plase factor of clebsch-Gordaw coefficients in the process of the computation.

利用量力学中的本征函数法详细讨论计算空间群的表象群的不可约表示及IR基时位的处理，以及讨论了C—G系数的计算中的位的处理方法。

It proved that, when sum of piles, length of piles and diameter of piles were equal, effect coefficient of piles group per m^2 was at the maximum with quincunx laying-out piles, next rectangle and minimum square, the quincunx laying-out piles groups was a better choice than the others laying-out piles group in many eases.

计算表明，当桩数、桩长、桩径相同时，单位承台面积上的群桩效应系数，呈梅花形布桩的最大，呈矩形布桩的次之，呈正方形布桩的最小。因此，呈梅花形布桩群桩是较好的选择。

When the ratio of ignorant dropped to 1/r , the proportion of knowledge disseminators reached the maximum, and then the proportion of communicators tends to decrease, ratio of ignorant monotone decreasing.

本文又从以企业为企业集群网络节点的角度，在复杂网络统计理论的基础上，研究了聚类系数与特征路径长度及模块化对集群网络知识传播的影响。

The primary studying works and characteristics:1 To summarize reinforcing theory of cement mixing pile composite foundation2 To analyze the primary mechanics characters and changing rules of cement mixing pile, based on analysis of test data both indoor and outdoor.3 To discuss siding frictional resistance, ending resistance, ultimate bearing capacity of simple mixing pile and effectiveness factor of grouped piles, loading ratio of soil between piles under cushion cap of grouped piles and stress ratio of pile and soil and so on, and use many computation method and experimentation method to ensure bearing capacity of mixing piles composite foundation.4 To point out and analyze eight sides flaws and problems of the bearing capacity calculation method of mixing pile compositefoundation which ensured by national and normative method/ formula.5 To apply test results of loading tests and a few settlement observation data, use gray theory to predicate ultimate bearing capacity of deep mixing piles, actual example demonstrate engaging between theoretical predicted value and actual value.6 To apply groovy layerwise summation method to discuss entity piles method, double foundation method, equivalent layerwise summation method and consolidation theoretical method and so on, especially by combination of engineering example, use FEM to calculate or discuss the settlement and changing rules of composite foundation.7 To discuss problems of critical length of composite foundation by combination of engineering example and numerical analysis method, and analyze the contrast of critical length between simple pile load and most area load of composite foundation, not only critical length of composite foundation is relative to modulus ratio between piles and soil, but also upside load distribution area of composite foundation.

主要的研究工作与特色为：(1)总结了水泥搅拌桩复合地基的加固原理；(2)在对室内外试验资料进行统计分析的基础上，系统分析了搅拌桩水泥土的主要力学特性及其变化规律；(3)探讨了搅拌单桩的侧摩阻力、端阻力、极限承载力及群桩效率系数、群桩承台下桩间土荷载分担比及桩土应力比等，提出用多种计算方法并结合试验方法来综合确定搅拌桩复合地基的承载力；(4)明确指出和分析了按国家有关规范的方法确定搅拌桩复合地基承载力所存在的八个方面的缺陷与问题；(5)利用过去没有加载至破坏阶段的载荷试验成果和较少的沉降观测数据，尝试了用灰色理论预测深层搅拌桩的极限承载力，实例表明理论预测值与实测值吻合较好；(6)在常规分层总和法的基础上，探讨了复合地基沉降计算的实体墩基法、双层地基法、等效作用分层总和法、固结理论法等，特别是结合工程实例，用有限元数值计算等方法计算和讨论了搅拌桩复合地基的沉降及其变化规律；(7)结合工程实例，用数值分析方法探讨了复合地基临界桩长的问题，指出和分析了单桩荷载下的临界桩长与复合地基大面积荷载下的临界桩长存在很大的差别，复合地基的临界桩长不仅与桩土模量比有关，而且与复合地基上部荷载分布面积有关。

In this paper,a weight coefficient is introduced into Quantum-behaved Particle Swarm Optimization and an improved QPSO for the parameter optimization of PID controller is proposed.

在分析量子粒子群算法的基础上，在算法中引入了权重系数，提出使用改进的量子粒子群算法优化PID控制器参数。

Finally, group classification of a generalized KP equation is undertaken. Group invariant solutions of the equation are obtained by combining the symmetry reduction method with the variable coefficient generalized Tanh method.

另外，我们还给出了广义Kadomtsev-Petviashvili方程的古典对称群分类，并结合变系数广义Tanh函数方法获得了其群不变解。

The results were showed that a high genetic diversity was observed using these molecular markers. Fifty-four Japanese plum cultivars were classified five groups from the dendrogram. The majority of cultivars of northern areas in China were clustered together, and cultivars of southern areas in China were clustered together. Therefore, the Japanese plum cultivars in China could be classified two groups: northern cultivars group and southern cultivars group.

结果表明：中国李品种间遗传相似系数较低，平均为0.451，从分子水平证明了我国中国李品种的遗传多样性很高；将供试中国李品种分为五类，其中第一类是原产我国北方地区的一些品种，第二是原产我国南方地区的一些品种；第三类是从国外引进的品种，并提出了将我国的中国李品种分为北方品种群和南方品种群观点。

As compared with the traditional irrigation-traditional fertilization, the following results of the improved optimized irrigation-optimized fertilization were obtained: significantly higher nitrogen use efficiency; the like tiller number per unit area, percentage of the tiller ear number/the tiller number, the ear number per unit area, the greatly reduced grain number per ear, and significantly heavier weight of 1, 000 grains; a trifle taller plants; shorter base internode length, a bit more weight per unit internode length, longer internode length under ear; almost the same LAI values in middle and later stages; coincident process of dry matter accumulation from straight growth onwards, a little more dry matter accumulation amount from earing to maturity; a little longer flag leaf, 2〓 leaf, 3〓 leaf (but the three leaves were shorter than those of the optimized irrigation-traditional fertilization) and shorter 4〓 leaf from top, a bit reduced total area of these leaves; almost the same leaf thickness, mean canopy leaf tilt angle, light extinction coefficient , ratio of light penetration in the upper, middle and lower parts of the wheat canopy, and fair plant type; almost the same senescence process of flag leaf; and increased root amount in 0-120cm soil layer and smaller rate of progressive decrease of the root length density and root weight density with soil getting deep, which can strengthen the resistance to adverse conditions such as water stress in the later stage.

在优化水肥条件下，冬小麦总分蘖数、成穗率及单位面积穗数与传统水肥比较接近，但穗粒数显著减少，千粒重显著提高；株高稍有增加；基部节间长度缩短，充实度略微增高，穗下节间增长；中后期LAI与传统水肥的LAI值基本吻合；起身至成熟干物质积累量动态变化过程与传统水肥十分接近，但抽穗至成熟所形成的干物质量增加；上三叶变长（但上三叶长度增加幅度小于优化灌溉-传统施肥处理），倒4叶变短，总叶面积略有减少；叶片厚度、冠层平均叶倾角、消光系数、冠层各层的透光率与传统水肥差异很小，株型较好；旗叶叶绿素含量动态变化与传统水肥十分接近；0-120cm土层的总根量明显增加，上层根群和深层根群的差异最小，有利于提高小麦后期的抗逆力。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。