糖酸

Glucose, formic acid and levulinic acid were not detected in the liquors of acid hydrolysis and the concentration of xylose and arabinose was high, while the acetic acid was low. The mixture of monosaccharides and fatty acid was efficiently separated and the whole process of separation was finished within 23 minutes.

通过对样品的分析表明，麦糟水解液中不含有葡萄糖、甲酸及乙酰丙酸，木糖和阿拉伯糖的质量浓度比较高，乙酸的质量浓度比较低，单糖及脂肪酸的混合液得到很好的分离，分离过程在23min内完成。

Compared with xylitol, erythritol in low concentration has weaker effort on the growth and acid production of S.mutans, while having stronger effort in high concentration.

对比木糖醇，低浓度下赤藓糖醇对变异链球菌生长和产酸的抑制作用较弱，高浓度下赤藓糖醇的抑菌效果更强。

Leading industries of biological, chemical and nano-materials, the main products have erythritol, glucose, sodium, soy oligosaccharide-peptide, refined clothing acid, itaconic anhydride, kojic acid, kojic acid derivatives, arbutin, Calcium Citrate , sodium citrate, Apple sodium, potassium citrate, nano zirconia, long-chain dicarboxylic acid, and efficient water treatment agent non-phosphorus.

主导产业为生物化工和纳米材料，主要产品有赤藓糖醇、葡萄糖酸钠、大豆低聚肽、精制衣康酸、衣康酸酐、曲酸、曲酸衍生物、熊果苷、柠檬酸钙、柠檬酸钠、苹果酸钠、柠檬酸钾、纳米氧化锆、长链二元酸、高效无磷水处理剂。

The comparisons of biochemistry between OP and OR rats The differences between OP and OR rats included not only body weight, but lipids metabolism and insulin sensitivity as well, characterized with insulin resistance, increasing in serum free fatty acids and ketone body, and hepatic TC and TG in OP rats. However, no significant differences were observed in serum TG, TC, LDL, HDL and fasting glucose between OP and OR rats.⑶Comparisons of metabolites in serum, urine and liver tissue between OP and OR rats①There were significant differences in amino acids concentration between OP and OR rats,especially in liver tissue, such as high concentrations in ketogenic and glucogenic amino acids in OP rats, suggesting differences in amino acids metabolism;② The different metabolites between OP and OR rats included increasing of various saturated fatty acids and decreasing of polyunsaturated fatty acids in OP rats;③The urinary metabolites analysis indicated that different structure or metabolism of gut microflora might exist between the two phenotypes, which probably influenced the regulation of body weight gain;④The end-products of catecholamines in urine and intermediates of krebs cycle in serum in OP rats were all up-regulated, suggesting that the activity of sympatheic nervous system and energy metabolism was higher in OP rats than OR rats.

胰岛素耐受实验和胰岛素敏感指数表明OP动物的胰岛素敏感性较OR动物下降，而OP大鼠血清中游离脂肪酸、酮体、肝脏总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平显著升高；但是，OP与OR大鼠血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白和空腹血糖等的水平并无显著性差异；⑶肥胖易感与肥胖抵抗大鼠血清、尿液和肝脏组织提取物中代谢物的比较研究表明：①OP与OR大鼠的血清、尿液和肝组织提取物中多种氨基酸的含量存在显著差异，并以肝组织中的差异氨基酸数量为最多，包括各种生酮和生糖氨基酸水平在OP组的升高，说明氨基酸代谢的差异是两种体重表型大鼠之间存在的重要差异特征之一；②OP与OR动物肝脏和血清差异代谢物中包含多种饱和长链脂肪酸的升高如十四烷酸、十六烷酸、硬脂酸等和多不饱和脂肪酸的下降如亚油酸和花生四烯酸，说明两种体重表型动物的肝脏脂肪酸代谢存在明显差异；③长期高脂饮食喂养后，动物的尿液代谢物分析表明OP与OR动物体内的肠道菌群结构存在差异，这些菌群上的差别可能在动物体重增长的调节上产生影响；④与OR动物相比，OP动物尿液代谢物中儿茶酚胺类递质的代谢终产物如高香草酸、扁桃酸和4-羟基苯乙酸明显升高。

This article by the Chongqing Guizhou Province area tradition sour meat technique of production souse sour meat, withdraws the sour salt meat sample from the fermentative process to research the nutrition and the security conducts systematically, the thick protein, the myofibril protein, the sarcoplasm protein, the multi-peptide nitrogen, the nonprotein nitrogen, the dissociation amino acid, the crude fat, the free fatty acids, the fatty acid composition, the cholesterol, the soluble sugar, the mineral to b...

中文摘要：本文以渝黔地区传统酸肉生产工艺腌制酸肉，对酸肉发酵过程中的营养及安全性进行了系统研究，检测了粗蛋白、肌原纤维蛋白、肌浆蛋白、多肽氮、非蛋白氮、游离氨基酸、粗脂肪、游离脂肪酸、脂肪酸组成、胆固醇、可溶性糖、矿物质元素，乳酸菌数，总酸在发酵过程中的变化，并对成品挥发性盐基态氮、酸价、过氧化值、碘价、皂化价亚硝酸盐进行质量检测。

The results showed that the irradiation treatment in the dose of 2.0-8.0kGy is not significantly effective to the contents of total sugar, crude protein and crude fat in walnut powder. The content of crude fiber in irradiated walnut powder increased, but not significantly. The irradiation had barely change on the contents of the lauric acid and myristic acid, and non-significant effects on the contents of palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, leinoleic acid, arachidic acid and linolenic Acid. However, the irradiation contributed to significant increase in the content of oleic acid with the irradiation dose. When irradiation dose reached 8.0kGy, the content of oleic acid had an increase of 4.3%. Irradiation will not change the sensory index of walnut powder much when irradiation dose is lower than 8.0kGy.

结果表明：剂量为2.0～8.0kGy时，辐照对核桃粉中的总糖、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量无显著影响；辐照后的粗纤维含量有一定的增加，但不显著；辐照对核桃粉中的月桂酸和肉豆蔻酸含量基本没有影响，对棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸、花生酸和亚麻酸含量有一定的影响，但不显著；辐照后核桃粉中的油酸含量随辐照剂量的上升而显著增加，剂量达到8.0kGy时，油酸含量增加了4.3%。8.0kGy以下辐照对核桃粉色泽、气味、口感无明显改变。

High performance liquid chromatographyanalysis showed the mango fruit of these two cultivars contained 3 carbohydrates, 11 organic acids and 4 carotenoids. The carbohydrates were composed of fructose, glucose and sucrose; the organic acids were oxalic acid, tartaric acid, quinin acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid, lactic acid,α-ketoglutaric acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid and gallic acid; the carotenoids were violaxanthin,β-carotene, lutein, lycopene.

高效液相色谱分析表明，芒果果实共含3种糖、11种有机酸和4种类胡萝卜素，即果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖；草酸、酒石酸、奎尼酸、苹果酸、抗坏血酸、乳酸、α-酮戊二酸、柠檬酸、富马酸、琥珀酸和没食子酸；堇菜黄素、β-胡萝卜素、叶黄素和番茄红素。

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs 1-4) can regulate the activity of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex to catalyse the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, and then to link glycolysis to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and ATP production.

丙酮酸脱氢酶激酶具有能够调节线粒体丙酮酸脱氢酶复合体催化丙酮酸脱羧氧化的活性，并进一步将糖酵解与三羧酸循环以及ATP的生成联系在一起。

Because malates specially location in the process of organism metabolism and can its beneficial effect to sports ability, the purpose of this investigation is to probe into the different influence malate ingestion on glycogen store, aerobic metabolism and blood urea metabolism when malate, oligosaccharide and FDP were ingested at the same time or alone, and furthermore to provide feasibility reference to utilize malate for athletes.66 male mice were divided into contrast group, malate group, malate oligosaccharide solution group, malate complex nutrient solution.

鉴于苹果酸在生物体代谢过程中所处的独特地位，以及它对机体代谢和运动能力的有益影响，本研究的目的在于探讨分别或同时补充苹果酸、低聚糖和FDP时，苹果酸对小鼠糖储备、骨骼肌有氧代谢及血尿素的不同影响，以便阐明它的作用机理和使用效果，为体育实践中应用苹果酸提供了可行性依据。

Sodium propionate and sodium pyruvate could promote liver gluconeogenesis by up-regulating the abundance of PEPCK-C mRNA in the hepatocytes, but the up-regulation was limited.

表明，丙酸钠、丙酮酸钠能通过上调体外培养的新生犊牛肝细胞PEPCK-C mRNA的表达而促进肝糖异生代谢，但上调作用是有限的；胰岛素能通过下调体外培养的新生犊牛肝细胞PEPCK-C mRNA的表达而抑制肝糖异生代谢，且下调作用呈剂量依赖性；胰高血糖素与胰岛素作用刚好相反；瘦蛋白未起直接的调节作用。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。