糖质的

The hepatocytes from vitamin E deficience rats were more sensitive to the toxicity of TNT, and supplement of vitamin E, treatment of desferrioxamine and dithiothreitol could prevent hepatocytes from toxicity of TNT.

明显降低TNT对肝细胞的毒性，其中尤以二硫苏糖醇的效果最为明显，这些结果从另一方面证实了，自由基反应，脂质过氧化过程和由此引起的细胞内巯基耗竭是TNT毒作用的重要环节。

Results:The results showed that all of four mdr1-shRNA expression vector can significantly knockdown the expression of p-glycoprotein as compared with control vector,moreover,the vector targeting 508-526 sites of MDR1 gene is the best one.

结果：与对照载体相比，构建的4个MDR1-shRNA质粒载体均能有效下调MDR1的表达，P-糖蛋白的功能也明显降低，其中508-526靶位点的shRNA作用效果最好。

The comparisons of biochemistry between OP and OR rats The differences between OP and OR rats included not only body weight, but lipids metabolism and insulin sensitivity as well, characterized with insulin resistance, increasing in serum free fatty acids and ketone body, and hepatic TC and TG in OP rats. However, no significant differences were observed in serum TG, TC, LDL, HDL and fasting glucose between OP and OR rats.⑶Comparisons of metabolites in serum, urine and liver tissue between OP and OR rats①There were significant differences in amino acids concentration between OP and OR rats,especially in liver tissue, such as high concentrations in ketogenic and glucogenic amino acids in OP rats, suggesting differences in amino acids metabolism;② The different metabolites between OP and OR rats included increasing of various saturated fatty acids and decreasing of polyunsaturated fatty acids in OP rats;③The urinary metabolites analysis indicated that different structure or metabolism of gut microflora might exist between the two phenotypes, which probably influenced the regulation of body weight gain;④The end-products of catecholamines in urine and intermediates of krebs cycle in serum in OP rats were all up-regulated, suggesting that the activity of sympatheic nervous system and energy metabolism was higher in OP rats than OR rats.

胰岛素耐受实验和胰岛素敏感指数表明OP动物的胰岛素敏感性较OR动物下降，而OP大鼠血清中游离脂肪酸、酮体、肝脏总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平显著升高；但是，OP与OR大鼠血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白和空腹血糖等的水平并无显著性差异；⑶肥胖易感与肥胖抵抗大鼠血清、尿液和肝脏组织提取物中代谢物的比较研究表明：①OP与OR大鼠的血清、尿液和肝组织提取物中多种氨基酸的含量存在显著差异，并以肝组织中的差异氨基酸数量为最多，包括各种生酮和生糖氨基酸水平在OP组的升高，说明氨基酸代谢的差异是两种体重表型大鼠之间存在的重要差异特征之一；②OP与OR动物肝脏和血清差异代谢物中包含多种饱和长链脂肪酸的升高如十四烷酸、十六烷酸、硬脂酸等和多不饱和脂肪酸的下降如亚油酸和花生四烯酸，说明两种体重表型动物的肝脏脂肪酸代谢存在明显差异；③长期高脂饮食喂养后，动物的尿液代谢物分析表明OP与OR动物体内的肠道菌群结构存在差异，这些菌群上的差别可能在动物体重增长的调节上产生影响；④与OR动物相比，OP动物尿液代谢物中儿茶酚胺类递质的代谢终产物如高香草酸、扁桃酸和4-羟基苯乙酸明显升高。

RESULTS A eukaryotic expression system for high expression humanmutantCD59 were successfully set up : The recombinant PALTER-MAX plasmid containing human mutantCD59 cDNA and PCDNA plasmid were co-transfected into CHO cell by cation lipoid mediating method ;and the cells were grown in F12 medium containing 400ug/ml G418 for 14 days, positive clones were grown in RPMI1640 medium to get stable expressing cell lines . Highly expressing clones were selected by flow cytometry ,and were named PALTER-CD59-CHO1PALTER-CD59-CHO2 . Flow cytometry indicated that expression rates of PALTER-CD59-CHO1 and PALTER-CD59-CHO2 were 53.7%and 54.5%. Further more, Stable highly expressing CHO cell lines were more detected by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence technology . PALTER-CD59 -CHO1 and PALTER-CD59-CHO2 were grown in RPMI1640 to get a large of cells . CD59 protein were obtained by spalling PALTER- CD59- CHO1 and PALTER - CD59 - CHO2 cells . Stable highly expressing cells were further validated by SDS-PAGE, immunoblot analysis and solid enzyme immunoassay . PALTER - CD59 - CHO1 and PALTER - CD59 - CHO2 were glycated in RPMI1640 of 50mM ribose for 72 hours .BCECF releasing test indicted that the releasing rate of PALTER-CD59-CHO1 or PALTER-CD59-CHO2 was less high than PALTER-CHO ,and the releasing rate of glycated PALTER-CD59 -CHOI or PALTER-CD59-CHO2 was higher than unglycated ones . PALTER -CD59-CHO1 and PALTER -CD59 -CHO2 were glycated in RPMI1640 of 50mM ribose for 72 hours .BCECF releasing test indicted that the releasing rate of PALTER - CD59 - CHOI or PALTER - CD59 - CHO2 was less high than PALTER-CHO ,and the releasing rate of glycated PALTER-CD59-CHO1 or PALTER - CD5 9-CHO2 was higher than unglycated ones .

结果 成功构建突变人CD59的真核细胞表达系统：运用阳离子脂质体介导法将含有突变人CD59的PALTER—MAX重组质粒与PCDNA共转染入CHO细胞：用含有400ug／mlG418的F12培养基培养14天，筛选出稳定阳性表达克隆，RPMI1640培养基扩增获得稳定表达细胞株，并用流式细胞术进一步筛选出高效表达细胞株分别命名为PALTER—CD59—CH01、PALTER—CD59—CH02，表达率分别为53.7％、54.5％；应用免疫组化方法、免疫荧光技术进一步鉴定阳性细胞株；RPMI1640培养基大量扩增PALTER—CD59—CH01、PALTER—CD59—CH02细胞株，裂解细胞得到CD59蛋白质；通过SDS—PAGE凝胶电泳技术、免疫印迹技术、固相酶联免疫吸附试验验证了这两中文摘要个阳性细胞株CO59蛋白的高效表达；50mM核糖培养72小时，获得突变人CD59糖化细胞株，BCECF染料释放试验结果显示，PALTER一CD59一CHOI、pALTER一CD59一CHOZ细胞较PALTER一CHO细胞染料释放率低，未糖化PALTER一CD59一CHOI、PALTER一CD59一CHOZ细胞比较糖化后细胞染料释放率低。

Raffinose, stachyose, and Galpi were found to have good glass forming properties, and their glass transition temperatures were 67.4, 66.4, and 33.40℃, respectively.

棉子糖、水苏糖和甲基肌醇半乳吡喃糖有良好的玻璃质化特性，其玻璃质化转移温度分别为67.4、66.4和33.4℃。

In the Staining PAGE map of glycoproteins from seminal plasma and spermatophore matrix, there were 3 kinds of glycoproteins in seminal plasma, and 2 in spermatophore matrix.

对精液、精荚基质蛋白组分的PAS糖蛋白染色结果显示，精液中主要的蛋白组分均为糖蛋白，共有3种；精荚基质中有2种主要的蛋白组分是糖蛋白。

The family of glycophosphoproteins comprising osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, dentin matrix protein 1, dentin sialophosphoprotein and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein — small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoproteins — are emerging as important players in many stages of cancer progression.

糖磷酸化蛋白包含骨桥蛋白，骨唾液蛋白，牙质基质蛋白及细胞外基质糖蛋白――小的整联蛋白结合配体 N 联结糖蛋白――作为癌症演进早期的一个重要物质。

The protection groups in the copolymers which were prepared previously could be removed and the -NH2 and -OH groups could be reconverted. These high active groups can be used to introduce more bioactive groups and molecules so as to simulate the natural environments of ECM, so the biocompatibilities and cells adhesive capabilities between scaffolds and cells could be improved remarkably.

通过脱除共聚物糖基上的保护基团，还原出-OH、-NH_2，这些高活性的基团为进一步引入具有生物活性的功能基团，实现了对细胞外基质的人工模拟，从而调控材料的细胞识别特性，增强材料生物相容性和改善细胞与材料的黏附特性。

Hyphal growth rate method was used to determine the inhibitory activities of chitooligosancharide against the pathogenic fungus of tobacco brown spot, Alternaria alternate Keissler, in the laboratory, and tobacco plants were applied with COS and its combinations like COS + Trichoderma + chitin with 5 treatments to control the disease under conditions of pot culture and inoculation in the greenhouse. Activities of 4 defensive enzymes, superoxide dismutase, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and chitinase, in tobacco plants were determined systematically at the same time within 10 days after application of COS and inoculation with the pathogenic fungus.

在实验室条件下，采用菌丝生长速率法测定了几丁寡糖对烟草赤星病菌的抑制活性，继而在温室盆栽和人工接种条件下，分别研究了几丁寡糖、几丁寡糖+木霉+几丁质等5种方法处理对烟草赤星病的防治效果，同时分别系统测定了烟草植株施用几丁寡糖及人工接种赤星病菌后10 d内SOD、POD、PPO和几丁质酶等4种防御酶的活性。

Hepatic gluconeogenesis is essential for maintaining blood glucose levels during fasting and is the major contributor to postprandial and fasting hyperglycemia in diabetes.

许多文献也指出肝脏的糖质新生作用除了维持空腹时血糖的恒定之外，也是造成糖尿病患者异常高血糖的原因之ㄧ。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。