糖质

The results displayed the symplasmic isolation of sieve element/companion cell complex from the surrounding parenchyma cells, and suggest that the photoassimilate unloading from phloem follows an apoplasmic pathway and must be facilitated via the sugar transporters.

由此可见，苹果果实韧皮部组织同周围薄壁组织存在共质体隔离，同化物必须通过糖转运蛋白的介导从筛分子以跨越质膜的方式卸出到质外空间，然后再装载到周围薄壁细胞中。

To evaluate the safety of the DNA vaccine pVAX1/F1-V against plague, the purity of plasmid DNA pVAX1/F1-V was detected by SDS-PAGE and gelose electrophoresis method; pasmid DNA was detected by PCR in tissues of BALB/c mice immunized with the plasmids intramuscular injection.

为了研究鼠疫DNA疫苗pVAX1/F1-V质粒的安全性，试验运用SDS-PAGE电泳和琼脂糖电泳等方法检测了鼠疫DNA疫苗pVAX1/F1-V质粒的纯度，并以小鼠为动物模型进行了质粒pVAX1/F1-V的急性毒性和长期毒性试验，用PCR方法检测外源基因在小鼠组织中的分布情况，用ELISA、ELISPOT方法检测了其自身的免疫反应。

The main lipid components on the cell membrane, cholesterol and phosphatides, showed no change in the cell lines before and after the transfection, and the neutral glycolipid also showed no obvious change.

转染前后细胞膜上的主要脂质成分胆固醇和磷脂质的含量没有变化，且中性糖脂质也没有明显变化。

AVI may be protein matrix and it possesses neither a membrane boundary nor an internal structure,its formation is the result of the anthocyanins transported into the vacuole bind with a protein matrix. In vacuole, AVI is irregular and jelly-like in shape. In AVIs, the attachment of anthocyanins to the matrix protein is likely to be via H-bonds to a sterically restricted site. AVI is suggested to act as vacuolar anthocyanin "trap", preferentially for anthocyanidin 3, 5-diglycosides or acylted anthocyanins. The emergence of AVI can enhance color intensity and results in the "blueness" of color in the vacuole.

花色苷液泡包涵体可能具备蛋白质基质，既无膜包裹又无内部结构，其形成是转运进液泡的花色苷与蛋白质基质结合的结果；液泡里的花色苷液泡包涵体形状不规则，象果冻；在花色苷液泡包涵体中，花色苷可能通过氢键连接于蛋白质基质的一个有限空间位点；花色苷液泡包涵体被认为是液泡中花色苷的&陷阱&，优先摄取花色素3，5-二糖苷或酰化的花色苷；花色苷液泡包涵体的存在可增加液泡色彩的强度并导致&蓝化&。

The study showed the recombinant wt/mCREG protein depressed the VSMC proliferation depending on dose and the optimal concentration was 400nM;2biologic function of CREG protein and the membrance receptor mechanism:①effect on VSMC migration: the wound healing experiment showed the OB2 cells migration was slower significantly after added wt/mCREG(400Nm) in supernatant. The HITASY cells migration were very slowly and no remarkable change. The gelatinase digestion and Western blot analysis showed the matrix metalloproteinase was decreased and TIMPs was increased;②effect on differentiation: after added wt/mCREG(400nM), the expression of myocardin, SMα-actin, MHC and caldesmin were increased and that of LM-1 and FN were decreased in OB2 cells. These effects were more significant when adding wtCREG.;③effect on VSMC proliferation: Cell cycle assay and BrDU stain showed: after added the wtCREG and mCREG protein, the ratio of cell in G0/G1 phase increased to 0.5773 and 0.5572 from 0.5308 respectively in OB2 group, which increased to 0.7369 and 0.7034 respectively from 0.6297 in HITASY group;3Role of M6P/IGF2R in CREG biologic function:①ELISA and co-immunoprecipitation showed the wt/mCREG binding to M6P/IGF2R directly.②antibody blocking test: when the anti-IGF2R was added to medium at the same time with wt/mCREG at different concentration(2μg/mL、4μg/mL、8μg/mL),the effects of CREG protein which depressing proliferation, migration, secretion and promoting differentiation were blocked, which had the positive correlation to the concentration of added anti body. The studies showed two combinant CREG promoted VSMC switch to differentiation phaenotype, at the same time, depress VSMC proliferation, migration and secreting extracellular matrix.

上述实验结果证实：两种重组CREG蛋白对VSMC增殖均有剂量依赖性的抑制作用，并且相同浓度的糖基化的CREG蛋白对细胞增殖的抑制效应更为显著，最佳效应浓度为400nM；2两种重组CREG蛋白添加后对HITASY和OB2细胞生物学行为的影响：①CREG蛋白对VSMC迁移的影响：刮伤实验发现，加入最佳效应浓度的wtCREG和mCREG蛋白24h后，OB2组迁移能力下降，HITASY组无明显变化；细胞外基质金属蛋白酶-2，9(Matrix metallo-proteinase 2，9，MMP2 ，9)明胶酶电泳检测和Western blot检测结果证实，两种CREG蛋白均可以使OB2细胞合成细胞外基质MMP2，9减少，而组织金属蛋白酶抑制物(Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases，TIMPs)增加；②CREG蛋白对VSMC分化的影响：加入400nM的wtCREG和mCREG蛋白12h后，OB2细胞myocardin、SMα-actin、MHC、caldesmin表达增加，LM-1、FN表达减少；③流式细胞仪分析细胞周期和BrDU染色分析证实，加入400nM的wtCREG和mCREG蛋白后，OB2组G0/G1期细胞由0.5308分别增加至0.5773和0.5572，HITASY组G0/G1期细胞由0.6297分别增加至0.7369和0.7034；3M6P/IGF2R在重组CREG蛋白的生物学功能中的调控作用：①免疫共沉淀和免疫荧光双染色分析结果显示，CREG蛋白与M6P/IGF2R存在直接结合；②应用抗体阻断实验：将不同浓度的anti- M6P/IGF2R(2、4、8μg /mL)与两种CREG蛋白同时加入培养液中，CREG蛋白抑制VSMC增值、迁移和合成细胞外基质、促进分化的效应减弱，而且与加入anti- M6P/IGF2R浓度正相关。

Staining observation on complex mesochondrium of marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells-TCP: It was found with TB staining that the complex of marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells-TCP inside the joint cavity obviously had positive staining, which indicated that there were glycosidoprotein base formed.

骨髓基质干细胞-磷酸三钙复合体软骨基质特染观察结果：甲苯胺蓝染色发现，植入关节腔的骨髓基质干细胞-磷酸三钙复合体有明显阳性染色，表明有糖蛋白基质形成。

The insect chitinase, belonging to glycohydrolase 18 family, is required for chitin recycling and synthesis of new cuticles or peritrophic membranes.

昆虫几丁质酶属于18族糖苷水解酶，是昆虫蜕皮过程中降解旧的几丁质必需的酶，干扰或破坏几丁质酶的活性都可以影响昆虫的正常生长发育。

Methods n-Cetyl-l-thio-β-D-galactoside was synthesized by a series of reaction from galactose and incorporated into Small Unilamellar Vesicles which was prepared by sonication at the ratio for L-α-PC∶Chol∶L-α-PE as 7∶2∶1, with or without 10 mol%Cetyl-gal.

半乳糖经乙酰化、溴化、缩合、亲核取代反应制备半乳糖新糖脂质并与其他脂质制备脂质体，在二氯化锡还原作用下用99mTc标记脂质体，进行动物体内靶肝实验，用γ计数器检测各脏器放射性，计算摄取率。

All these results suppose that COCH gene may play an architectural function in inner ear mesenchymic extracellular matrix, and this architectural stability is critical for the potassium recycling in cochleae and the normal level of endocochlear potential.

COCH基因功能的初步推论，COCH基因可能编码内耳间质组织中一种分泌型糖蛋白，通过与间质组织中其它细胞外基质成分的结合，共同形成稳定的细胞外基质结构框架。

Objective To acquire enough envelope glycoproteins so as to facilitate a further study of the structure and function of envelope glycoproteins from various kinds of virus isolates. Methods Two envelope glycoprotein gene fragments were cloned from the recombinant plasmid pHXB2 containing the human immunodeficiency virus 1(HIV-1) proviral genome of HXB2 isolate.

目的 获得足够量的膜糖蛋白，以便于对不同HIV分离株膜糖蛋白的结构与功能进行进步的研究方法从人免疫缺陷病毒1(HIV-1)HXB2分离株原病毒基因组的重组质粒pHXB2中克隆了两段膜糖蛋白基因片段。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。