糖质

This hormonal milieu increases glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, causes a net breakdown of skeletal muscle, and enhances lipolysis, which together provide endogenous glucose, amino acids, and free fatty acids that are required for cellular and organ function and wound healing.

这种激素环境增加糖原分解和糖异生，导致骨骼肌净分解，并且增加脂质分解，它们共同提供细胞和器官发挥功能以及创伤愈合所需的内源性葡萄糖、氨基酸和游离脂肪酸。

Here, we report that SSEA-4, an early embryonic glycolipid antigen commonly used as a marker for undifferentiated pluripotent human embryonic stem cells and cleaage to blastocyst stage embryos, also identifies the adult mesenchymal stem cell population.

SSEA是在未分化的人胚胎干细胞表面早期表达，在胚泡期被剪切的一种糖脂类抗原，作者发现，SSEA也可以用来鉴定间充质干细胞。

Overview Glycolysis is a set of reactions that take place in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

概述 糖酵解是发生在原核细胞和真核细胞的胞质中的一组反应。

Per 1 L grape wine containes 40～220 g glucose and fructose, 0.5～1.5 g pentose, 0.01～0.9 g gumminess and phlegm, 2～7 g tartaric acid, 0.5～0.8 g malic acid, 0.2～0.9 g succinic acid, and 0.1～0.75 citric acid etc.

每1L葡萄酒含葡萄糖和果糖40～220g，戊糖0.5～1.5g，树胶质和粘液汁0.01～0.9g，酒石酸2～7g，苹果酸0.5～0.8g，琥珀酸0.2～0.9g，柠檬酸0.1～0.75g等。

CD44 is a single strand glucoprotein family encoded by single gene on the memebrane surface with high heterology,which can mediate adhesion between cell and cell as well as cell and extracellular matrix.Its different splicing variants will result in the variety of its gene products.Especially,its splicing varant V6 (CD44v6) is condided to have oncogenicity.CD44v6 takes part in the genesis and development of tumor at some certain and is one of prognostic factors.So it will be the marker indicating tumor development.

CD44是由单一基因所编码的具有高度异质性的单链膜表面糖蛋白家族，介导细胞与细胞、细胞与细胞外基质之间的黏附作用，其拼接变异体的不同构成了其基因产物的多样性；尤其拼接变异体V6(CD44v6)被认为具有致瘤性；CD44v6在一定程度上参与了肿瘤的发生发展，是预后因子之一，并且可能作为肿瘤进展的标志物。

Objective To amplify the hexokinase gene of Plasmodium falciparum isolate FCC1/HN, compare the sequence with that of other P. falciparum isolates and human, and construct its prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression plasmids.

目的 扩增恶性疟原虫FCC1／HN株的己糖激酶编码基因，构建其原核和真核表达重组质粒，测定其序列，比较它及它推导的蛋白质与恶性疟原虫其他株和人之间的差异。

Electron microscopic histochemical studies have shown that this interspace contains glycoproteins and lipids.

电镜组化研究显示细胞间隙包含糖蛋白和脂质体。

A kinetic model is proposed for producing invert sugar from sucrose by immobilized yeast cells and its application in batch fermentation is presented in detail. A solution of the kinetics differential equation is given to describe the effect of fermentation time, stirring speed, immobilized cells size and substrate concentration on the inversion coefficient.

提出了固定化酵母生产转化糖动力学模型，研究了该模型在批发酵过程中的应用，由给出的动力学微分方程的解表明了转化率与反应时间、搅拌速率、固定化细胞媒体大小和基质浓度间关系。

The comparisons of biochemistry between OP and OR rats The differences between OP and OR rats included not only body weight, but lipids metabolism and insulin sensitivity as well, characterized with insulin resistance, increasing in serum free fatty acids and ketone body, and hepatic TC and TG in OP rats. However, no significant differences were observed in serum TG, TC, LDL, HDL and fasting glucose between OP and OR rats.⑶Comparisons of metabolites in serum, urine and liver tissue between OP and OR rats①There were significant differences in amino acids concentration between OP and OR rats,especially in liver tissue, such as high concentrations in ketogenic and glucogenic amino acids in OP rats, suggesting differences in amino acids metabolism;② The different metabolites between OP and OR rats included increasing of various saturated fatty acids and decreasing of polyunsaturated fatty acids in OP rats;③The urinary metabolites analysis indicated that different structure or metabolism of gut microflora might exist between the two phenotypes, which probably influenced the regulation of body weight gain;④The end-products of catecholamines in urine and intermediates of krebs cycle in serum in OP rats were all up-regulated, suggesting that the activity of sympatheic nervous system and energy metabolism was higher in OP rats than OR rats.

胰岛素耐受实验和胰岛素敏感指数表明OP动物的胰岛素敏感性较OR动物下降，而OP大鼠血清中游离脂肪酸、酮体、肝脏总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平显著升高；但是，OP与OR大鼠血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白和空腹血糖等的水平并无显著性差异；⑶肥胖易感与肥胖抵抗大鼠血清、尿液和肝脏组织提取物中代谢物的比较研究表明：①OP与OR大鼠的血清、尿液和肝组织提取物中多种氨基酸的含量存在显著差异，并以肝组织中的差异氨基酸数量为最多，包括各种生酮和生糖氨基酸水平在OP组的升高，说明氨基酸代谢的差异是两种体重表型大鼠之间存在的重要差异特征之一；②OP与OR动物肝脏和血清差异代谢物中包含多种饱和长链脂肪酸的升高如十四烷酸、十六烷酸、硬脂酸等和多不饱和脂肪酸的下降如亚油酸和花生四烯酸，说明两种体重表型动物的肝脏脂肪酸代谢存在明显差异；③长期高脂饮食喂养后，动物的尿液代谢物分析表明OP与OR动物体内的肠道菌群结构存在差异，这些菌群上的差别可能在动物体重增长的调节上产生影响；④与OR动物相比，OP动物尿液代谢物中儿茶酚胺类递质的代谢终产物如高香草酸、扁桃酸和4-羟基苯乙酸明显升高。

Effect of freezing on the nutritious constituents and texture of Meretrix Linnaeus meat were studied Results show that its crude protein,crude fat,ash,and total saccharide content are hardly influenced by freezing,but its nonprotein nitrogen content is largely increased After thawing,its mouthfeel,holding-water ratio and Ca2+-ATP enzyme activity is markedly decrease

本文研究了冻结对文蛤肉营养成分和质构的影响，结果表明：冻结对文蛤肉的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分、总糖等营养成分影响不大，但其非蛋白氮含量显著增加。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。