糖脂

The comparisons of biochemistry between OP and OR rats The differences between OP and OR rats included not only body weight, but lipids metabolism and insulin sensitivity as well, characterized with insulin resistance, increasing in serum free fatty acids and ketone body, and hepatic TC and TG in OP rats. However, no significant differences were observed in serum TG, TC, LDL, HDL and fasting glucose between OP and OR rats.⑶Comparisons of metabolites in serum, urine and liver tissue between OP and OR rats①There were significant differences in amino acids concentration between OP and OR rats,especially in liver tissue, such as high concentrations in ketogenic and glucogenic amino acids in OP rats, suggesting differences in amino acids metabolism;② The different metabolites between OP and OR rats included increasing of various saturated fatty acids and decreasing of polyunsaturated fatty acids in OP rats;③The urinary metabolites analysis indicated that different structure or metabolism of gut microflora might exist between the two phenotypes, which probably influenced the regulation of body weight gain;④The end-products of catecholamines in urine and intermediates of krebs cycle in serum in OP rats were all up-regulated, suggesting that the activity of sympatheic nervous system and energy metabolism was higher in OP rats than OR rats.

胰岛素耐受实验和胰岛素敏感指数表明OP动物的胰岛素敏感性较OR动物下降，而OP大鼠血清中游离脂肪酸、酮体、肝脏总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平显著升高；但是，OP与OR大鼠血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白和空腹血糖等的水平并无显著性差异；⑶肥胖易感与肥胖抵抗大鼠血清、尿液和肝脏组织提取物中代谢物的比较研究表明：①OP与OR大鼠的血清、尿液和肝组织提取物中多种氨基酸的含量存在显著差异，并以肝组织中的差异氨基酸数量为最多，包括各种生酮和生糖氨基酸水平在OP组的升高，说明氨基酸代谢的差异是两种体重表型大鼠之间存在的重要差异特征之一；②OP与OR动物肝脏和血清差异代谢物中包含多种饱和长链脂肪酸的升高如十四烷酸、十六烷酸、硬脂酸等和多不饱和脂肪酸的下降如亚油酸和花生四烯酸，说明两种体重表型动物的肝脏脂肪酸代谢存在明显差异；③长期高脂饮食喂养后，动物的尿液代谢物分析表明OP与OR动物体内的肠道菌群结构存在差异，这些菌群上的差别可能在动物体重增长的调节上产生影响；④与OR动物相比，OP动物尿液代谢物中儿茶酚胺类递质的代谢终产物如高香草酸、扁桃酸和4-羟基苯乙酸明显升高。

RESULTS A eukaryotic expression system for high expression humanmutantCD59 were successfully set up : The recombinant PALTER-MAX plasmid containing human mutantCD59 cDNA and PCDNA plasmid were co-transfected into CHO cell by cation lipoid mediating method ;and the cells were grown in F12 medium containing 400ug/ml G418 for 14 days, positive clones were grown in RPMI1640 medium to get stable expressing cell lines . Highly expressing clones were selected by flow cytometry ,and were named PALTER-CD59-CHO1PALTER-CD59-CHO2 . Flow cytometry indicated that expression rates of PALTER-CD59-CHO1 and PALTER-CD59-CHO2 were 53.7%and 54.5%. Further more, Stable highly expressing CHO cell lines were more detected by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence technology . PALTER-CD59 -CHO1 and PALTER-CD59-CHO2 were grown in RPMI1640 to get a large of cells . CD59 protein were obtained by spalling PALTER- CD59- CHO1 and PALTER - CD59 - CHO2 cells . Stable highly expressing cells were further validated by SDS-PAGE, immunoblot analysis and solid enzyme immunoassay . PALTER - CD59 - CHO1 and PALTER - CD59 - CHO2 were glycated in RPMI1640 of 50mM ribose for 72 hours .BCECF releasing test indicted that the releasing rate of PALTER-CD59-CHO1 or PALTER-CD59-CHO2 was less high than PALTER-CHO ,and the releasing rate of glycated PALTER-CD59 -CHOI or PALTER-CD59-CHO2 was higher than unglycated ones . PALTER -CD59-CHO1 and PALTER -CD59 -CHO2 were glycated in RPMI1640 of 50mM ribose for 72 hours .BCECF releasing test indicted that the releasing rate of PALTER - CD59 - CHOI or PALTER - CD59 - CHO2 was less high than PALTER-CHO ,and the releasing rate of glycated PALTER-CD59-CHO1 or PALTER - CD5 9-CHO2 was higher than unglycated ones .

结果 成功构建突变人CD59的真核细胞表达系统：运用阳离子脂质体介导法将含有突变人CD59的PALTER—MAX重组质粒与PCDNA共转染入CHO细胞：用含有400ug／mlG418的F12培养基培养14天，筛选出稳定阳性表达克隆，RPMI1640培养基扩增获得稳定表达细胞株，并用流式细胞术进一步筛选出高效表达细胞株分别命名为PALTER—CD59—CH01、PALTER—CD59—CH02，表达率分别为53.7％、54.5％；应用免疫组化方法、免疫荧光技术进一步鉴定阳性细胞株；RPMI1640培养基大量扩增PALTER—CD59—CH01、PALTER—CD59—CH02细胞株，裂解细胞得到CD59蛋白质；通过SDS—PAGE凝胶电泳技术、免疫印迹技术、固相酶联免疫吸附试验验证了这两中文摘要个阳性细胞株CO59蛋白的高效表达；50mM核糖培养72小时，获得突变人CD59糖化细胞株，BCECF染料释放试验结果显示，PALTER一CD59一CHOI、pALTER一CD59一CHOZ细胞较PALTER一CHO细胞染料释放率低，未糖化PALTER一CD59一CHOI、PALTER一CD59一CHOZ细胞比较糖化后细胞染料释放率低。

RESULTS:Six flavonoids 6-C-glycopyranosyl-8-C-glycopyranosyl apigenin(1),6-C-arabinosyl-8-C-glycopyranosyl apigenin(2),6-C-glycopyranosyl-8-C-arabinosyl apigenin(3),6-C-glycopyranosyl-8-C-xyloeyl apigenin(4),6-C-glycopyranosyl luteolin(5),luteolin(6),one chromone isobiflorin(7),and one lignanoid-isolariciresinol(8),were isolated from the n-BuOH fraction of this plant,respectively.

结果：从毛鸡骨草地上部分的正丁醇部位分离并鉴定了8个化合物，黄酮类化合物：芹菜素-6-C-葡萄糖-8-C-葡萄糖苷（1），芹菜素-6-C-阿拉伯糖-8-C-葡萄糖苷（2），芹菜素-6-C-葡萄糖-8-C-阿拉伯糖苷（3），芹菜素-6-C-葡萄糖-8-C-木糖苷（4），木犀草素-6-C-葡萄糖苷（5），木犀草素（6）；色原酮类化合物：异双花母草素（7）；木脂素类化合物：-异落叶松树脂醇（8）。

The monosaccharide compositions were identified as mannose and rhamnose; the lipid compositions included decanoic acid, lauric acid, hexadecanoic acid and stearic acid, and the protein constituents were composed of sixteen amino acids.

进一步研究证实，该乳化剂糖类的单糖组成为甘露糖和鼠李糖；脂类由十碳、十二碳、十六碳及十八碳脂肪酸组成；蛋白质由16种氨基酸构成。

Retrospectivly analyse the coronary heart disease, 68 patients diagnosed the coronary angiography, including Unstable Angina the 24 patients, Stable Angina 32 patients, myocardial infarction 12 patients; Compares the change of normal comparison group 35 patients fasting blood lipide:Trighycerides, Total Cholesterol, High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Apolipoproteins (ApoA1 and ApoB), Fasting Blood Glucose, Fasting Insulin, Insulin area under curve and Glucose area under curve.

回顾性分析经冠状动脉造影确诊的冠心病患者68例，其中包括不稳定型心绞痛患者24例，稳定型心绞痛32例，心肌梗塞12例；正常对照组35例的空腹血脂（血清甘油三酯TG、血总胆固醇TC、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇HDL-C、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇LDL-C、载脂蛋白ApoA1及ApoB）、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、糖负荷后胰岛素曲线下面积及葡萄糖曲线下面积的变化并进行比较。

The simple sugars （monosaccharides0 are basically aliphatic polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones: HOCH2- n-CHO and HOCH2- n-1-C-O-Ch2OH, called "aldoses" and "ketoses," re ectively.

单糖本质上是脂族的多羟基醛和酮，即HOCH2-2-CHO和HOCH2-n-1-C：O-CH2OH，分别称为醛糖和酮糖。

The height, weight, blood pressure, fasting plasms glucose, fasting serum insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and serum nitric oxide were measured before and after the therapy. The body mass index and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistant index were calculated. The flow-mediated dilatation and endothelium independent dilatation were measured by high-resolution ultrasound.

治疗前后均检测身高、体质量、血压、空腹血糖、血浆胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、甘油三脂、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白数(homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistant index， HOMA-IR)，并用高分辨超声技术检测肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性舒张(flow-mediated dilatation， FMD)和硝酸甘油介导的非内皮依赖性舒张(endothelium independent dilatation， EID)。

Terpenoids are mainly occurred on marine algae, coral, sponge and some fungi by monoterpene, sesquiterpene, diterpene and triterpene. and glycosides with structures of lipid, steroid and terpenoid are distributed to marine algae, sponge, sea cucumber and starfish.

这些新发现的萜类化合物广泛分布于海藻、珊瑚、海绵以及一些海洋真菌等海洋生物中，主要以单萜、倍半萜、二萜、三萜结构型式存在；而糖苷类化合物在海藻、海绵、海参、海星等海洋生物中发现大部分以糖苷脂、甾体糖苷、萜类糖苷型式存在。

Terpenoids are mainly occurred on marine algae, coral, sponge and some fungi by monoterpene, sesquiterpene, diterpene and triterpene. And glycosides with structures of lipid, steroid and terpenoid are distributed to marine algae, sponge, sea cucumber and starfish. Marine organism; terpenoid; glycoside; bioactivity

这些新发现的萜类化合物广泛分布于海藻、珊瑚、海绵以及一些海洋真菌等海洋生物中，主要以单萜、倍半萜、二萜、三萜结构型式存在；而糖苷类化合物在海藻、海绵、海参、海星等海洋生物中发现大部分以糖苷脂、甾体糖苷、萜类糖苷型式存在。

Then the rats were still feed with high-fat, high-protein, and high-sugar food. After eight weeks, the rats in each group were given man-made deep second-degree burn.③The wound area was measured in 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after burn to calculate the rate of wound healing.

实验过程：除烫伤对照组外，其他组大鼠通过高脂、高蛋白、高糖饲养后腹腔注射链尿佐菌素，建立老龄Ⅱ型糖尿病动物模型，并以高脂、高蛋白、高糖饲养。8周后各组给予深Ⅱ度烫伤。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。