糖脂

At present, antihypertensive druggery have not been proved to take effective actions in preventing hypertension and the metabolic syndromes, let alone concomitance dyslipidemia and glucose intolerance. So we got a kind of mixture called"Tangzhixiao"by mixing extracts from modern medicine and Chinese traditional medicine.

考虑到目前抗高血压药物改善IR的作用不明显，对伴发的高脂血症及糖耐量减退效果更不肯定，因此，我们近年来从祖国医学与现代医学结合的视角出发，组方成药物"糖脂消"。

Glycolipid An acylglycerol containing a carbohydrate group or an amino sugar. Glycolipids are the major lipids in chloroplasts.

糖脂：糖脂是含一个糖或一个氨基糖甘油酯，糖脂是叶绿体中主要的脂类。

During the strain cultured in shaking-flask under the above conditions, the MELs concentration reached 40.1 g·L〓, increased about twice as original. The inversion rate of soybean oil also increased from 30% to 57. 4%, and the specific yield of glycolipid was 1. 59g/g , near twice of original.

采用上述改良培养基进行MEL摇瓶发酵，MEL在发酵液中浓度为40.1g·L〓，比改良前提高了近两倍，豆油转化率则由原先的30％提高到57.4％，糖脂比产量为1.59g糖脂/g干细胞，比原先提高了近两倍。

It was shown by the results that when the cellulose dosage was 0.15FPU/g substrate, combined with the concentrations of CTAB, SDS, Tween 80 or rhamnolipid of 1 cmc in organic solvent mediae, the maximum yields of reducing sugar were obtained,respectively.

结果表明，纤维素酶用量为0.15FPU/g底物时，CTAB、SDS、Tween 80和鼠李糖脂浓度均为1cmc时，有机相体系形成逆胶束，此体系下酶解过程糖产率最高，其中添加鼠李糖脂可使还原糖产率达到198.03mg/g底物。

The cerebrosides and the gangliosides can also be classed as glycolipids because of the presence of carbohydrate, and the sphingomyelins and the glycolipids can be classed as sphingolipids because of the presence of sphingosine.

脑苷脂类和神经节苷脂因为存在碳水化合物可被划分为糖脂。而神经鞘磷脂和糖脂可被划分为神经鞘脂类，因为存在神经鞘氨醇。

The enhancement of eicosane uptake by rhamnolipid was mainly caused by increase of interfacial area, since the...

由于该菌不能够利用鼠李糖脂增溶的烃作为碳源，因此添加鼠李糖脂能够强化烃摄取的主要原因是烃界面的扩大。

Specifically, itcontains 8 chapters.In chapter 1, the formation, structures, properties and the futureprospect of liposome were thoroughly reviewed;In chapter 2, the stibility and permeability of phopholipid -eleostericacid liposome were studied together with the effect of polymerizationof eleostearic acid. This membrane system was very sensitive to 〓,the effect of 〓 was clarified to increase the aggregation/fusion ofliposomes and made the permeability of mixed liposomes much higher;In chapter 3, two polymerizable conjugated diyne bolaamphiphiles were synthesized. They could form very stable mixed liposome, andthe diyne could be polymerized by UV light in bilayer liposomes, as aresult, the stability of mixed liposome against solvent or surfactantafter polymerization were enhanced. In chapter 4, two kinds of amphiphilic amino acids were synthesized andstable liposomes were formed therefrom After the condensationpolymerization of amino acid in bilayer liposomes, stable polypeptide liposomes were obtained, which had lower phase transition temperatureand higher permeability.In chapter 5, four kinds of glycolipids were synthesized and theiraggregation behavior in water was comparied. When incorporated intophospholipid bilayer membranes, they could increase the phase transitiontemperatures and inhibit the aggregation and fusion of mixedliposomesat lower temperature.In chapter 6 and 7, three kinds of steroidal bolaamphiphiles withdifferent chain lengths were synthesized. Incorporation of steroidalmoiety to the center of lipid bilayer membrane obviously increased themobility of lipid membrane and shifted Tc to lower temperature side incomparasion with cholesterol. The bolaamphiphile which was shorter thanthe hosted lipid bilayer membrane thickness influenced the lipid packingmore obviously.

全文共分8章：第一章对脂质体的形成、结构、性质及展望进行了较为详细的文献综述；第二章研究了磷脂-桐酸脂质体的稳定性，通透能力及桐酸的聚合对这些性质的影响；磷脂-桐酸混合脂质体为一类对〓灵敏的脂质体，〓的作用首先是使脂质体集聚然后使脂质体融合，并加速内包荧光物的释放；第三章通过合成两种可聚合共轭双炔双极性双亲分子DDCA，DDOL，研究了共双炔分子在双分子层脂质体膜上的聚合及对脂质体性质的影响，聚合可以提高脂质体相对于溶剂及表面活性剂的稳定性；第四章合成了两类氨基酸为极性基团的双亲分子，它们均可以在超声下形成稳定的脂质体结构；氨基酸基团可以在脂质体上进行缩聚反应，若聚合后脂质体表面仍有足够的亲水能力，则可得到稳定的多肽型脂质体；聚合后脂质体的相变温度降低，通透能力增加；第五章合成了四种亲水基团为单糖基的双亲分子GL-l，GL-2，GL-3， GL-4，研究了它们在水中的分散情况、集合体形态与分子结构的关系；在DMPC双分子层膜中加入糖脂分子可以使脂质体的相变温度提高，阻止脂质体在低温放置时的集聚与融合；第六章-第七章合成了三种不同碳链长度的双极性含胆甾环双亲分子 CL-1，CL-2，CL-3；它们可以象胆固醇一样与磷脂混合形成稳定脂质体，胆甾环基团位于脂质体双分子层膜的中间；与胆固醇的作用相反，它们可以增加磷脂双分子层膜的流动性，降低混合脂质体的相变温度；三种分子的作用与其碳链长度和磷脂双分子层膜的厚度有关，比膜厚度短的分子影响最大。

The resistance to oxidation of synthetical ferulaic acid glycolipide was investigated. The result was shown, apple was dipped in 0.62% ferulaic acid glycolipide, the most inhibitor effectiveness of glucose ferulaic esters and xylose ferulaic ester was shown respectively to be 36.92% after four days and 19.47% after eight days, the fastigium of release ethane was postponed respectively to be six days and four days.

本文测定了合成阿魏酸糖脂的抗氧化性，结果表明用0.62％的阿魏酸糖脂浸泡的苹果，阿魏酸葡糖酯抑制效应在处理后4天最明显，抑制率 36.92%，阿魏酸木糖酯抑制效应在处理后8天最明显，抑制率为 19.47%对于果实的内源乙烯释放，经阿魏酸葡糖酯和阿魏酸木糖酯处理的苹果分别推迟乙烯释放高峰期6天和4天。

The results showed that Tang-an-kang could respond symptomatically, lower blood-sugar, diminish urinary protein, regulate endogenous creatinine clearance rate and lipid metabolism etc. It was suggested that Tang-an-kang had a good action on improvement lipid metabolism, diminishing urinary protein and renal function protection.

结果表明：糖安康治疗组在改善DN患者临床症状，降低血糖、糖基化血红蛋白及血肌酐，减少尿蛋白及尿白蛋白，调节内生肌酐清除率，降低血与尿β2微球蛋白，调节脂代谢，改善血液流变性等方面，疗效均优于单用西药的对照组，提示糖安康有良好改善糖脂代谢、减少尿蛋白、保护肾功能的作用。

The recent synthesis progress of glycoconjugate is reviewed,including the various methods of the glycosidic bond formation by chemical synthesis and the synthesis strategies of novel complex glycoconjugates,such as glycopeptides,glycoproteins and glycolipids .

本文介绍近年来各种糖缀合物化学合成的研究进展，包括各种糖苷键的化学合成方法以及各种特殊复杂糖缀合物，如糖肽、糖蛋白、糖脂的化学合成策略。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。