糖尿病

The frequency of heart circulation disease occuring is evidentially higher in diabetes patients and in people without diabetes.

糖尿病患者心血管疾病的发生率明显高于非糖尿病患者，因糖尿病心脏病而死亡的人数约占糖尿病患者死亡率的80％，其中70％是死于糖尿病性冠心病。

Results the risk for developing gestational diabetes mellitus was increasing with growth rate of pregnant body mass index (or=89.1274,95%ci6.2574～95.1757),pre-pregnancy body mass index (or=8.1826,95%ci7.1804～41.3126) years of age(or=2.4322,95%ci2.2815～15.2251) and having family history of diabetes(or=4.1254, 95%ci 4.0247～27.2024),but no statistical difference was observed in pre-pregnancy height.the faster women' s growth rate of body mass index in duration of increase pregnancy,the more possible who would fall in ill with gestational diabetes mellitus.conclusion the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus was related to the growth rate of pregnant body mass index.

结果 多因素回归分析显示，孕期体质指数增加大(or=89.127？4，95％ci=6.257？4～95.175？7)、孕前体质指数大(or=8.182？6，95％ci=7.180？4～41.312？6)、有糖尿病家族史(or=4.125？4，95％ci=4.024？7～27.202？4)、年龄大(or=2.432？2，95％ci=2.281？5～15.225？1)均增加孕妇发生妊娠期糖尿病的风险；未发现身高与妊娠期糖尿病发病有关。排除孕前体重干扰后，孕期体重增长速度越快，发生妊娠期糖尿病的风险越大。结论孕期体质指数增长过快是妊娠期糖尿病的独立危险因素。

In three separate studies, the investigators evaluated 105 adults with type 1 diabetes (mean age, 37 years; mean duration of diabetes, 20 years), 36 adults with type 2 diabetes (mean age, 50 years; mean duration of diabetes, 10 years), and 91 adults with type 1 diabetes (mean age, 39 years; mean duration of diabetes, 20 years). During a four-week period, participants used a hand-held computer to complete 70 trials of cognitive-motor tasks and to enter their current blood glucose reading after each test. Hyperglycemia was defined as blood glucose level higher than 15 mmol/L.

在3个不同的试验中，研究人员评估105位第1型糖尿病患者（平均年龄为37岁；患糖尿病平均时间为20年），36位第2型糖尿病患者（平均年龄为50岁；患糖尿病平均时间为10年），以及91位第1型糖尿病患者（平均年龄为39岁；患糖尿病平均时间为20岁）；在4周期间，受试者使用一种掌上型电脑来完成70种认知运动任务的试验，以及在每次测试后，输入他们目前的血糖读数，血糖高於15 mmolL被定义为高血糖。

There were no significant difference between diabetics in hospital and diabetics who had participated diabetes education in gender,age,marital status,occupation, education level and the form of medical expenses.It is suggested that the two groups come from the same patients. 2.According to the result of content validity and retest reliability,questionnaire of compliance has a good validity and reliability.According to the result of consistence test,collection validity,discrimination validity and construct validity,SF-36 has a good validity and reliability.3.We used self paired comparison to analyze the data of the treatment compliance from the patients who had participated diabetes education and the patients in hospital who hadn\'t participated diabetic education.The results suggest that the treatment compliance of patients is improved as the number of times that these patients participated diabetes education was increased.The treatment compliance of the patients in hospital is improved just in a short-term period,who hadn\'t participated diabetes education.

研究结果1、住院糖尿病患者与参加健康教育的糖尿病患者在性别、年龄、婚姻、职业、文化程度、医疗用度承担形式上均无统计学差异，说明两组人群来自同一整体。2、根据内容效度和重测信度的结果证实允从性问卷具有良好的信度和效度；根据内部一致性检验、集合效度、区分效度和结构效度的结果证实SF-36量表具有良好的信度和效度。3、对参与健康教育的糖尿病患者进行的允从性跟踪调查结果进行自身配对前后比较，并与未参加健康教育的住院糖尿病患者的允从性得分进行比较，发现糖尿病患者治疗允从性随着参加健康教育次数的增多而进步；未参加教育的住院患者治疗允从性在进院和刚出院的短期内有一定进步，但随后逐渐下降至进院前水平。

The insulin should be divided about 45 percent as nph insulin,30 percent before breakfast and 15 percent before bedtime,and about 55 percent as preprandial regular insulin,22 percent before breakfast,16.5 percent before lunch,and 16.5 percent before dinner.

上一篇：治疗糖尿病足的医院－什么样的水果有治疗糖尿病的疗效？？下一篇：糖尿病足截肢｜中国糖尿病治疗指南，糖尿病患者血糖应该降到多少

The method is excreted by uric albumin lead a diabetic cent not to have companion nephrosis namely for quadruplet 2 model group of diabetic group, inchoate diabetic nephrosis, IV period is diabetic nephrosis group and V period diabetic nephrosis group, detect fat of hollow blood sugar of the 2h after reaching eat, hollow insulin, blood, blood pressure, reach IR and HOMA-β, have quadruplet data statistical trade off study.

方法按尿白蛋白排泄率把糖尿病患者分为四组即无伴肾病2型糖尿病组、早期糖尿病肾病组、IV期糖尿病肾病组和V期糖尿病肾病组，检测空腹及餐后2h血糖、空腹胰岛素、血脂、血压、及IR和HOMA-β，将四组资料进行统计学比较分析。

Results (1)Relevance rate of behavioral problems in type 1 diabetes group was 20.2%,two fold significantly higher than that in the control group(8.2%)(P=0.000).(2)Logistic analysis showed that risk factors concerned behavioral problems in diabetic children and adolescents included patients lived in rural areas,poor parents' marital relationship,poor parent- child relation,improper cultural ways,poor communication and understandings between family members,uniparental family and poor control of blood glucose.(3)It was found that diabetes was the most significant risk factor affected the occurrence of behavioral problems among all related factors based on the analytic results in both the type 1 diabetes group and the health group.Conclusions (1)Children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes are the high- risk population who are apt to the occurrence of behavioral problems.

结果①行为问题的检出率：糖尿病患儿检出率为20.0%，与健康对照组(8.2%)比较，糖尿病患儿行为问题检出率高于健康对照组P=0.000；②Logistic回归分析显示，与糖尿病患儿行为问题有关的危险因素分别为在农村生活、双亲关系紧张、亲子关系差、缺乏直接感情交流、教育方式不当、对子女了解较少、仅由父母中的一方承担管理子女的责任及血糖控制不良；③将健康对照组与1型糖尿病组综合分析后发现：影响行为问题发生的所有危险因素中，患糖尿病的相对危险度最大。

The results showed an increased mean jitter value, fiber density and abnormal percentage both in EDC and AT muscles in group 1 and II diabetic patients comparing to the normal controls. These findings suggest an impaired or immatured neuromuscular junctions and an evidence of reinnervation through axonal sprouting in the diabetic patients either with or without nerve conduction abnormalities. In conclusion, the changes of axonal degeneration and reinnervation are the main pathophysiological mechanism of diabetic neuropathy, and the SFEMG is more sensitive than routine nerve conduction study in the diagnosis of diabetic neuropathyKeyword Axonal degeneration , diabetes mellitus , neuropathy , single fiber electromyography

结果显示两组糖尿病病患的连续间值差异，肌纤维密度及不正常比率比对照组显著增加(t试验，依序p.01)，在第一组糖尿病患中，伸指总肌的连续波间值差异比第二组高(p.05)，而连续波间值差异与纤维密度之间也成线性相关的增加(伸指总肌，r=0.471，p.01；胫前肌，r=0.386，p.02)，在伸指总肌测得的连续波间值差异上，第一组糖尿病患有75%不正常，第二组有33.3%不正常，而在胫前肌的连续波间值差异上，第一组糖尿病患有83.3%的不正常，第二组有75%不正常，在肌纤维密度的测定中，第一组糖尿病患的伸指总肌有27.8%不正常，胫前肌有58.3%不正常，第二组病患的伸指总肌有25%不正常，胫前肌有41.7%不正常，此结果表示糖尿病神经变造成的神经肌像交接处不稳定及有神经轴再生的重分布现象，因此也证实糖尿病神经病变的主要病理机转为神经的退化所致，而在诊断上单纤维肌电图检查的敏感度也比运动神经传导速度检查为高。

PPAR γ agonist displayed obvious renoprotective action,the mechanism was complicated, it could improve the metabolism of glucose ang lipid, depress blood preasure, protect small vessels endothelium,improve the system activity of blood clotting and fibronolysis, antiinflammation, otherwise the action was more obvious with the time passed, at the early stage the effective was better,so encourage the patients to take the medicine earily; when the patients with the mediate reanl function failure, Avandia did not display significantly renoprotective action, side reaction had no difference compared to the control group,was not necessary to regulate the dose of Avandia.But because of the sample size was small, we needed a biger sample to confirm the results. We confirmed that Prol2Ala had no difference in control case,diabetic nephropathy group and diabete group,In diabetic group and diabetic nephropathy group, Ala carriers compared to noncarrier all kinds of biochemical indicators were not different,Prol2Ala did not have association with diabete and diabetic nephropathy. But because of the sample size was small, weneeded a biger sample to confirm the results.

PPARγ激动剂对糖尿病肾病具有明显的保护作用，保护作用的机制是多方面的，除了改善糖脂代谢，降低血压外，还具有保护小血管内皮，改善凝血和纤溶系统活性，抗炎症等多方面的作用，且作用随着用药时间的延长而日趋明显，在疾病的早期应用效果更佳，故提倡早期用药；对伴有慢性肾功不全的患者，罗格列酮对肾脏靶器官的保护作用显现的并不明显，但副作用与对照组无明显差异，不用根据肾功情况调整用药，但由于样本量较小，上述结论尚需大样本进行进一步证实；本实验研究得出Prol2Ala变异在健康对照组、糖尿病组及糖尿病肾病组均无显著差异，糖尿病组及糖尿病肾病组临床各生化指标与Prol2Ala变异亦无相关性，Prol2Ala与糖尿病及糖尿病肾病不相关。

Diabetes mellitus is a kind of chronic and worldwide disease, and tight glycemic control is critical in manging DM and preventing complications such as nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy. In order to relieve DM patients pain and decrease the risk of crossinfection, noninvasive ways to monitor blood glucose concentrations are preferred, and one approach is to monitor glucose concentrations in tear fluid. This review covers recent understanding of features of tear fluid and relevant changes in DM, the influence of different collecting methods in tear glucose concentration, and attempts to monitor tear glucose concentration in situ by using contactlens based sensing devices.

糖尿病（diabetes mellitus，DM）是一种慢性疾病，也是一种全球性疾病，糖尿病患者长期理想控制血糖有助于防止或延缓糖尿病肾病、神经病变和糖尿病视网膜病变等慢性并发症的发生，为了减少患者的痛苦和降低交叉感染发生的危险，人们想到了通过泪糖浓度这一无创指标来监测血糖控制情况的可能性，我们综合近年的相关研究进展，从泪液的特性及糖尿病患者的相关改变、不同收集方法对泪糖浓度的影响及检测泪糖浓度的产品等方面进一步探讨泪糖浓度作为糖尿病病情评价指标的可行性。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。