糖基

Moreover, it was shown that the dispersion ability of SWNT in aqueous solution had a significant improvement after coating with NOMA.

检测器件在每个修饰阶段的电学性能的变化证明了NOMA对SWNT的非共价糖基化修饰及用CNTFET来检测糖-凝集素特异性识别作用的可能性。

Structures containing from 4 to 10 glycosyl units, whether linear or branched, are tetra-, penta-, hexa-, octa-, nona-, and decasaccharides, and so on.

结构中含4～10个糖基单元，无论直链的或分枝的，是四，五，六七，八，九和十糖等等。

Many glycoproteins of lower and higher eucaryotes are attached to the plasma membrane by means of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol .

很多高等和低等真核生物的糖蛋白是以糖基磷脂酰肌醇锚定的方式被连接在质膜上。

Many glycoproteins of lower and higher eucaryotes are attached to the plasma membrane by means of a glycosylphosp...

很多高等和低等真核生物的糖蛋白是以糖基磷脂酰肌醇锚定的方式被连接在质膜上。

Dialectic retinopathy,the most common microvascular complication of diabetes is the leading cause of blindness.Many drugs have been used to prevent the development of it.The primary drug treatment includes the intensive control of blood glucose,blood pressure and the reducing ofblood-fat. The directed against drug treatment includes advanced glycation end products inhibitor, vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor,inhibitive factor promoter,supplement of inosital, aldose reductase , protein kinase C inhibitors, GH inhibitors,improvement of retinal microcirculation, DAG-PKC inhibitor, ginkgo blibe extract, antioxidant.

糖尿病视网膜病变是最常见的糖尿病微血管病变，目前有很多致力于延缓糖尿病视网膜病变的药物研究，包括严格控制血糖、血压，降低血脂的基础药物治疗，以及蛋白非酶糖基化终末产物抑制剂、血管内皮生长因子抑制剂和抑制因子促进剂、肌醇的补充及醛糖还原酶抑制剂的应用，及蛋白激酶C抑制剂、生长激素抑制素、改善视网膜微循环药物、DAG-PKC抑制剂、银杏叶提取物、抗氧化剂等针对性药物的应用。

Specifically, itcontains 8 chapters.In chapter 1, the formation, structures, properties and the futureprospect of liposome were thoroughly reviewed;In chapter 2, the stibility and permeability of phopholipid -eleostericacid liposome were studied together with the effect of polymerizationof eleostearic acid. This membrane system was very sensitive to 〓,the effect of 〓 was clarified to increase the aggregation/fusion ofliposomes and made the permeability of mixed liposomes much higher;In chapter 3, two polymerizable conjugated diyne bolaamphiphiles were synthesized. They could form very stable mixed liposome, andthe diyne could be polymerized by UV light in bilayer liposomes, as aresult, the stability of mixed liposome against solvent or surfactantafter polymerization were enhanced. In chapter 4, two kinds of amphiphilic amino acids were synthesized andstable liposomes were formed therefrom After the condensationpolymerization of amino acid in bilayer liposomes, stable polypeptide liposomes were obtained, which had lower phase transition temperatureand higher permeability.In chapter 5, four kinds of glycolipids were synthesized and theiraggregation behavior in water was comparied. When incorporated intophospholipid bilayer membranes, they could increase the phase transitiontemperatures and inhibit the aggregation and fusion of mixedliposomesat lower temperature.In chapter 6 and 7, three kinds of steroidal bolaamphiphiles withdifferent chain lengths were synthesized. Incorporation of steroidalmoiety to the center of lipid bilayer membrane obviously increased themobility of lipid membrane and shifted Tc to lower temperature side incomparasion with cholesterol. The bolaamphiphile which was shorter thanthe hosted lipid bilayer membrane thickness influenced the lipid packingmore obviously.

全文共分8章：第一章对脂质体的形成、结构、性质及展望进行了较为详细的文献综述；第二章研究了磷脂-桐酸脂质体的稳定性，通透能力及桐酸的聚合对这些性质的影响；磷脂-桐酸混合脂质体为一类对〓灵敏的脂质体，〓的作用首先是使脂质体集聚然后使脂质体融合，并加速内包荧光物的释放；第三章通过合成两种可聚合共轭双炔双极性双亲分子DDCA，DDOL，研究了共双炔分子在双分子层脂质体膜上的聚合及对脂质体性质的影响，聚合可以提高脂质体相对于溶剂及表面活性剂的稳定性；第四章合成了两类氨基酸为极性基团的双亲分子，它们均可以在超声下形成稳定的脂质体结构；氨基酸基团可以在脂质体上进行缩聚反应，若聚合后脂质体表面仍有足够的亲水能力，则可得到稳定的多肽型脂质体；聚合后脂质体的相变温度降低，通透能力增加；第五章合成了四种亲水基团为单糖基的双亲分子GL-l，GL-2，GL-3， GL-4，研究了它们在水中的分散情况、集合体形态与分子结构的关系；在DMPC双分子层膜中加入糖脂分子可以使脂质体的相变温度提高，阻止脂质体在低温放置时的集聚与融合；第六章-第七章合成了三种不同碳链长度的双极性含胆甾环双亲分子 CL-1，CL-2，CL-3；它们可以象胆固醇一样与磷脂混合形成稳定脂质体，胆甾环基团位于脂质体双分子层膜的中间；与胆固醇的作用相反，它们可以增加磷脂双分子层膜的流动性，降低混合脂质体的相变温度；三种分子的作用与其碳链长度和磷脂双分子层膜的厚度有关，比膜厚度短的分子影响最大。

ErmE derived from Saccharopolyspora erythraea, which encodes a ribosome dimethyltransferase, was expressed in S. thermotolerans, to increase the substance resistance during the biotransformation of tylosin to AIV.

研究表明acyB2基因应该是碳霉素生物合成基因簇中的一个全局性正调控因子，它不仅负责对acyB1基因的正调控作用，而且还至少负责对acyA基因和红霉糖糖基转移酶基因的正调控。

This prevented multiple mechanisms of biochemical dysfunction: activation of protein kinase C, activation of the hexosamine pathway, increased glycation and oxidative stress.

这可以阻止引起生化功能障碍的多重机制：蛋白激酶C的活化、己糖胺途径的激活、糖基化及氧化应激等。

These pathways include the production of advanced glycation end products, alterations in the sorbitol, hexosamine and protein kinase C pathways and activation of poly-ADP ribose polymerase.

代谢和血管通道的缺陷包括三个方面，一是糖基化终未产物形成，二是山梨醇、氨基己糖和蛋白激酶 C 改变，三是多聚二磷酸腺苷核糖多聚酶激活。

As for its molecular mechanism, there are four hypotheses: glucose-induced activation of protein kinase C isoform; increased formation of glucose-derived advanced glycation end-products; increased glucose flux through the polyol pathway; and increased flux through hexosamine pathway.

对于其发病的分子机制，目前有四种假说：多元醇途径的增加；糖基化终末产物(advanced glycation end products，AGEs)的形成增加；蛋白激酶C(protein kinase C，PKC)的激活；己糖胺途径的增加。

What would he tell Judith and the children?

他将怎样告诉朱迪丝和孩子们呢？

I this is at that time, the opinion with peacockish true girl is full of in a heart.

这就是当时的我，一个心中布满虚荣的女孩子真实的想法。