糖基

During mixed fermentation, two peaks existed in production of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid, including 8～20 hours and 24～40 hours; the activity of L-sorbose dehydrase increased rapidly and 2-keto-L-gulonic acid reductase slowly.

在流加糖发酵过程中，2-酮基-L-古龙酸的合成有两个高峰期：8～20小时和24～40小时高峰期。L-山梨糖脱氢酶总酶活迅速上升，2-酮基-L-古龙酸还原酶活性始终呈平缓上升趋势。

Objective: The purpose of our studies are gaining a better insight into the effect of genistein on mesangial cell"s phenotype change and ECM expression plus degradation under DN circumstances.We add genistein with different concentrations in high glucose cultured rat mesangial cells;feed DM rats with the single concentration genistein for different days;to explore the expression of SMemb,the mark of mesangial cell"s hypertrophy phenotype change;to examine the synthesis of Fn as well as the change of the balance between MMP-2 and TIMP-l;to comprehend its effect on renal pathological changes of DM rats and some related factors;trying toexplore the possible mechanisms.Through these studies,we will have some information about the experimental value of genistein in DN field.

目的：为了研究金雀异黄素对DN环境下大鼠MC肥大表型转换标志物SMemb和ECM分泌及降解的影响，我们拟在细胞水平以不同浓度的金雀异黄素作用于高糖培养下大鼠MC，在动物水平以同一浓度的金雀异黄素作用于DM大鼠不同时间，观察细胞表型转换标志物SMemb、ECM主要成分Fn、ECM降解酶系统基质金属蛋白酶—2(MMP-2)／基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂—1(TIMP-1)表达的变化，同时观察金雀异黄素对DM大鼠肾脏病理及影响肾脏病进展的糖脂代谢紊乱的影响，并进一步探讨金雀异黄素发挥作用的可能机制；为明确金雀异黄素在DN治疗中的地位及意义提供实验依据。

Structural analysis of PBF2Sugar analysis showed this polysaccharide was composed of fucose,mannose and glucose in a molar ratio of 1.0:2.3:10.7. Methylation analysis showed it contained terminal fucose, 1,3,6 mannose linkage, 1,6-, 1,3,6- and terminal glucose linkage.

甲基化分析结果表明，岩藻糖以端基形式存在，甘露糖以1，3，6-连接方式存在，葡萄糖主要以1，6-和1，3，6-两种方式连接，还有少量的以端基形式存在。

Wheat neoside A is apigenin 6-C-galactoside-8-C-(2'-sinapic acid acyl) arabinfuranoside; wheat neoside B is apigenin 6-C-(2'-sinapic acid acyl) arabinfuranoside-8-C- galactoside.

小麦新苷A为芹菜素-6-C-半乳糖苷-8-C-(2'-芥子酸酰基)阿拉伯糖苷；小麦新苷B为芹菜素-6-C-(2'-芥子酸酰基)阿拉伯糖苷-8-C-半乳糖苷。

These results suggest that anthocyanidin in E. pulcherrima mainly include cyanidin 3-rutinoside, delphinidin 3-rutinoside, cyanidin 3- benzoylglucoside, delphinidin 3-benzoylglucoside and an unknown component.

由这些结果可推断一品红花色素样品中主要含有 5 种组分：矢车菊花色素芸香苷、飞燕草花色素芸香苷、飞燕草花色素苯甲酰基葡糖苷、矢车菊花色素苯甲酰基葡糖苷和一种未知成分。

Wild baccae of lonicera edulis was used as raw material.

用野生蓝靛果新鲜浆果为原料，经烫漂、硬化、浸糖、50℃渗糖、干燥，可制出蓝靛果低糖果脯；鲜果经打浆，加入白砂糖、氯化钙、柠檬酸、低甲氧基果胶和β-环状糊精进行控制浓缩，可制得蓝靛果低糖果酱。

The research displayed that yeasts Genus level can be discerned by agarose gel electrophoresis and polyacarylamide gel electrophoresis, but the latter is more advanced. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains ITS-1 sequences are most disalike, few of them are equal completely. The bigger differences are part of base pairs about Poly-T, others are exchanged by single base pair.

研究表明，以酵母菌株的rDNA ITS-1序列进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳，能把菌株分类鉴定到属的水平；采用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳能把部分酿酒酵母菌株分类鉴定到种的水平，区别效果较琼脂糖凝胶电泳有所提高；对rDNA ITS-1序列进行克隆、测序，经序列比对后发现，酿酒酵母属中酿酒酵母菌株的ITS-1序列大多数有差异，差异主要表现在ITS-1序列上游的一段Poly-T碱基上，其它处的差异仅是个别碱基的转换或颠换，ITS-1序列长度分布在360-370bp之间，G+C%含量均在35.3%左右。

After making berry pulp, being added with granulated sugar, calcium chlorid, citric acid, low-methoxyl pectin and β-cyclic-dextrin, controlling the concentrate, the low-sugar jam was processed.

用野生蓝靛果新鲜浆果为原料，经烫漂、硬化、浸糖、50℃渗糖、干燥，可制出蓝靛果低糖果脯；鲜果经打浆，加入白砂糖、氯化钙、柠檬酸、低甲氧基果胶和β-环状糊精进行控制浓缩，可制得蓝靛果低糖果酱。

Nine sugars and five sugar alcohols were analysed by HPLC with a differenctial refractometerdetector. p-Methoxyaniline and benzoyl chloride were used to the pre-column derivatization of sugar and sugar alcohol, in which a ultraviolet absorption organic group was added, Then the derivatives were detected sensitively by an UV monitor sensitively.

采用高效液相色谱示差折光检测器，对9种糖和五种糖醇进行了分离检测；另以对甲氧基苯胺和苯甲酰氯为衍生试剂，分别对糖和糖醇进行柱前衍生，使其接上紫外吸收基团，然后用紫外检测器进行检测。

The quality of purified 2-KGA from its fermentation products was up to industrial standard. In addition, several hexoses, such as D-glucose and D-sorbitol can be utilized to synthesize 2-KGA by this newly-mixed culture. The growth and anabolism of the B529-V6 were studied in 4M〓 and 300M〓 fermentor respectively. The results showed that its growth and anabolism were affected by carbon sources, ratio of D-glucose and L-sorbose, nitrogen sources, growth factors, inoculum quality and culture condition including the initial pH value, temperature and ventilation.

新菌系B529-V6表现出了较强的高浓度L-山梨糖耐受能力、较高的底物代谢速率和较高的2-KGA转化能力，在8％山梨糖浓度的发酵培养基中培养48h，糖酸转化率较对照菌系提高了5.94％；山梨糖浓度提高至10％，其生长代谢受影响程度较小，且能不同程度地利用葡萄糖和山梨醇为底物，合成维生素C前体-2-酮基-L-古龙酸（2-KGA），其发酵产物2-KGA经反相高效液相色谱分析其质量符合工业化生产要求。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。