糖及糖苷

In the first part, we studied the possibility of allyl as the protection group of the hydroxyl in nucleosides.

烯丙基作为糖化学中的一种常用保护基在核酸化学中有一定的应用，曾有人将它作为磷酸酯键及碱基环上羰基的保护基，但作为核苷糖环羟基的保护基还未有研究。

Glucosidase and 3-dehydrogenase of HCCB 20049-2 are induced by sugar. After studying the relationship within inducing factors、enzyme activities and transformation rate, it was found that when cellobiose was used as inducer, enzyme activities and transformation rate were both higher than other sugars.

HCCB 20049 菌中β-葡萄糖苷酶及3-脱氢酶均为糖类诱导酶，对这两种酶的诱导因子与酶活力和有效霉素的转化率的关系进行研究，发现纤维二糖诱导的β-葡萄糖苷酶和3-脱氢酶活力都较高，其valienamine 的生成率最高。

This kinds of compounds were confirmed by their ~1H-NMR,~(13)C-NMR and mass spectrum.

所得的一系列新的烷基呋喃脱氧戊糖苷经过核磁共振氢谱、碳谱及质谱分析后确定了这些新的糖苷衍生物。

Nine new compounds were characterized, and they were: opuntioside Ⅰ(11), 4-ethoxyl-6-hydroxymethyl-α-pyrone (14),--ester (22), 1-butoxyl--malate (24), ethyl α-L-rhamnopyranoside (26), opuntioside Ⅱ(34), kaempferol 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside (46), methyl α-D-glucopyranoside-6-(methyl 4-malate)-ester (47), and opuntioside Ⅲ(48). Opuntioside Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and 4-ethoxyl-6-hydroxymethyl-α-pyrone belong to the skelecton of α-pyrone.

新化合物分别是：仙人掌苷Ⅰ（11），4-乙氧基-6-羟甲基-α-吡喃酮（14），琥珀酸乙酯--酯（22），L--苹果酸-1-丁酯（24），乙基α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷（26），仙人掌苷Ⅱ（34），山奈酚7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（46），α-D-吡喃葡萄糖甲苷-6-（苹果酸-4-甲酯）-酯（47），仙人掌苷Ⅲ（48），其中仙人掌苷Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ及4-乙氧基-6-羟甲基-α-吡喃酮均为α-吡喃酮骨架类型的新化合物。

Permethylation analysis, periodate oxidation,Smith degradation, acetolysis and partial acid bydrolysis revealed the main chains of XP as mannose of (1-6)-linkages and its side chains were mannose of (1-2)linkages.

甲基化分析、过碘酸盐氧化、Smith降解、乙酰解和部分酸水解显示XP的主链是1→6连接的甘露糖，侧链是1→2连接的甘露糖。1H及13CNMR谱表明所有糖苷键均为a型，结合元素分析XP基本是酵母甘露多糖和蛋白质以及锌的络合物。

Circular dichroism spectroscopy measurements also reveal that the ordered structure content of α-helical and β-structure of ovalbumin decrease, and the unfolded random structure is enhanced with increasing pressure; While the existence of dextran sulphate to the native ovalbumin, there are no apparent change on the secondary structure of ovalbumin; It seems same to glycinin.

圆二色性光谱分析表明，经超高压处理后，鸡蛋清蛋白分子中规则的二级结构减少，而部分规则的二级结构和无规卷曲含量增加。加入硫酸右旋糖苷的鸡蛋清蛋白溶液经超高压处理后其二级结构中各部分的含量变化不大：对于大豆豆球蛋白，加入硫酸右旋糖苷后，大豆豆球蛋白分子经超高压处理后其有序结构的减少及无规卷曲的增加都相对减缓。

The technological methods and optimal combination ratio were studied in the present paper, involving protection of natural color, elimination of bitter taste, mixtion and stability of the beverage. By single factor trial and orthogonal test, we optimized the processing techniques: Using 100mg/kg Zinc gluconate and 0.1% Calcium hydroxide as the color protection agent, burned in 80℃for 2min. The natural green color of material can be protected effectively.

通过单因素考察及正交实验设计确定了优化后的饮料制作工艺：以100mg/kg葡萄糖酸锌和0.1%氢氧化钙为护色剂，在漂烫温度80℃，漂烫时间2min条件下，有效地保持了苦瓜原料特有的绿色；以苦瓜皂苷为功能强化因子，以1.25%海藻酸钠为包埋剂，通过锐孔-凝固浴法对苦瓜原汁和苦瓜皂苷进行包埋；使用8%木糖醇、0.3%β-环状糊精、15%苦瓜汁和10%苦瓜胶囊对饮料进行调配，很好地保持了苦瓜特有的苦香味和口感；以0.15%黄原胶、0.2%琼脂、0.05%羧甲基纤维素钠复配方式，来增加饮料的稳定性。

Changes of leaf pigment content,soluble sugar content,enzyme activity and photosynthesis characters in leaf of Photinia×frasery"Red Robin"were searched of five different shading treatments(100%,80%,50%,25%,10%transmission rate).The seasonal variation of leaf color and stability of anthocyanin were studied in this paper.Purpose of the research is to master the Physiological characters during leaf color transformation of Photinia×frasery"Red Robin",and provide evidences to promote introduction cultivation and the application under different garden environment of them.

本文以2年生红叶石楠(Photinia×frasery'RedRobin)扦插苗为试材，探讨了不同遮光处理透光率分别为100%(全光照、80%、50%、25%、10%条件下叶片色素含量、可溶性糖含量、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性、抗氧化酶活性变化及光合作用日变化，同时对其叶色的季节变化及花色素苷的稳定性进行了初步探讨，以掌握红叶石楠叶色变化的生理特征，为红叶石楠的广泛引种栽培及在不同园林环境中的应用提供科学依据。

The color surface, texture, the size of pith and the arrange of vascular bundle was observed with freshed, dried drugs and the transverse section, the effective component of echinacoside and acteoside was analyzed with hplc and the amylose was anlyzed with ultraviolet spectrophotometry.

药材性状和结构直接观察肉苁蓉新鲜及晒干或阴干的表面颜色和质地，以及横切面颜色、质地、中心髓部大小及维管束排列等；高效液相色谱法测定药材有效成分松果菊苷及毛蕊花糖苷的含量；紫外分光光度法测定药材粗多糖含量。

The major difficulty lies in the enormous variations of carbohydrate structures reflecting in the diverse glycosidic linkage patterns, stereochemistry and branching.

与之相反，复杂的糖分子及其体外合成的研究则进展缓慢，其主要困难在于糖链结构的多样性与复杂性，即糖苷键种类、立体结构及分枝的多样性与复杂性。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了