糖化

The article includes three parts. The first, a steroselective and regioselective synthesis of digitoxin with glycosyl ortho-alkynylbenzoates as doners. The second, synthesis of different length chain of L-fucose with a SO3Na group in the position of C-2 hydroxy.

本文工作主要包括三部分内容，分别为采用全新发展的一种邻炔基苯甲酸酯的糖基供体进行地高辛的全合成并与常规的Schimidt供体及三氟亚胺酯供体进行结果比较；合成不同长度的2位硫酸化的岩藻糖糖链；对现有的合成伏格列波糖的一条合成路线进行工艺优化。

It has unique substrate specificity, and required minimal sugar chain in the degradation direction and synthesis direction of trisaccharide and disaccharide separately.

该酶具有独特的底物特异性，其降解方向和合成方向所需的最小糖链长度分别为三糖和二糖，均比普通的葡聚糖磷酸化酶少一个糖基以上。

Includes erythritol, hydrogenated starch hydrolysates, isomalt, lactitol, maltitol, mannitol, sorbitol, and xylitol

糖醇类包括赤藻糖醇、氢化淀粉水解物、异麦芽酮糖醇、乳糖醇、麦芽糖醇、甘露醇、山梨醇和木糖醇。

I. Objective and purpose Glycoproteins and glycolipids on cell surface contain fucose in the glycolinkage, which are associated with embryonic development, organ formation, tumor development and tumor infiltration, such as Lewis blood-type antigens-LeY, LeX, sLeX.

一。目的和意义许多细胞表面糖蛋白或糖脂是含有岩藻糖(Fucose， Fuc)化的糖链，参与胚胎发育、组织器官形成，并且与肿瘤的生长、浸润有关，如LeY、LeX、sLeX等Lewis系血型抗原分子。

Protease treatment of the plasma membranes could abolish the binding but NaIO_4 and glycosidase could not, indicating that nsLTP144 bound to plasma membranes protein without carbohydrate moiety. Using the homobifunctional cross-linking regent bissuberate (BS~3) and rice plasma membranes incubated with ~(125)I-Trx-nsLTP144, we identified, after SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography, a putative protein receptor on the rice plasma membranes with the molecular mass around 60 kDa. NsLTP144 can not trigger extracelluar alkalization in arabidopsis, but can abolish the extracellular alkalization effect of phytopathogen elicitor cryptogein, suggesting that cryptogein and nsLTP144 may bind to the same membrane protein. In vitro pull-down assay showed that nsLTP144 interacted with OsCaM1, a possible extracellular calmodulin, implying that nsLTP144 and OsCaM1 could function in the same signal transduction pathway. These results shed light on revealing the roles of nsLTP in vivo and make it promising to finally characterize the plasma membranes receptor of nsLTP.

发现~(125)I-Trx-nsLTP144、~(125)I-Trx-nsLTP110与水稻细胞质膜均具有特异性结合，而且结合是饱和性的、可被竞争的，符合配体-受体结合的典型特征，同时用于对照实验的蛋白质~(125)I-Thioredoxin没有此特性，表明水稻细胞质膜上存在nsLTP的受体；利用可氧化糖基的NaIO_4和水解糖基的N\'-糖苷酶F处理水稻细胞质膜，再进行结合实验，结合活性几乎不受影响；而利用胰蛋白酶处理细胞膜则使得结合能力几乎完全丧失，表明其受体为没有经过糖基化修饰的蛋白质；利用交联剂BS~3交联配体一受体后，再进行SDS-PAGE分离和放射自显影，结果显示水稻细胞质膜上的nsLTP受体中有一个60kDa的蛋白质可以与nsLTP144发生特异性的结合，可能是其受体；细胞外碱化实验表明，nsLTP144不能促使拟南芥原生质体细胞培养液的细胞外碱化反应，却能猝灭来自植物病原菌的激发子Cryptogein刺激拟南芥原生质体产生的细胞外碱化反应，表明nsLTP和Cryptogein结合细胞膜上相同的位点，保护了植物细胞免受Cryptogein导致的细胞程序性死亡，并诱导系统获得性抗性的产生；体外Pull-down实验表明，nsLTP144和水稻的OsCaM1具有相互作用，暗示了nsLTP144和OsCaM1可能同在一个信号通路上起作用。

During these years (1997-2000) in the research area of annonaceous acetogenins 5 natural products and a number of chiral-pure analogs of annonaceous acetogenins have been synthesized using sugars as the starting materials. Their high activity and selectivity against cell line of colon tumor and a relationship between activity and configuration have been found too. In the respect of inhibitor of sialidase two new methodologies for the synthesis of chiral-pure 3-deoxy-ulosonic acid using hetero-Diels-Alder reaction or asymmetric propargylation as the key reaction were developed. On the topic of anti-leukemia marine natural product clavulactone a synthetic method based on the free radical cyclization and starting from sugar has been developed. In other title of PKC inhibited agent sphingosine a new synthetic route with SN2' as the key reaction has also been disclosed.

项目期间（1997-2000）在番荔枝内酯方面从糖出发合成了五个天然产物和一批手性纯的类似物，它们对肠癌细胞有很高的活性和选择性，并与构型有关；在唾液酸酶抑制剂方面发展了二类全新手性纯高碳糖的合成方法－杂原子D－A反应或丙炔基不对称加成为关键的反应；抗白血病海洋天然产物群柱虫内酯方面研究了由糖出发和自由基环化反应的合成方法；对PKC 起抑制作用的鞘氨醇方面也开创了新的合成途径－由糖出发并以SN2'反应为关键反应。

In this paper, the effect of sugar and sodium alginate on microwave puffed wax gourd according to the index of puffing ratio was studied.

对冬瓜块进行微波膨化，探讨了不同的糖制浓度和涂胶工艺对产品膨化率的影响，结果表明，糖制浓度5%、海藻酸钠浓度0.6%时产品具有较好的膨化度。

The results indicated that GLP was a linear (1→3)β-D-Glcp main chain linkage. Its monosaccharide component was predominantly composed of D-Glc, and small amount of galactose, mannose, xylose and idose, residues of branches terminated with substituted at 1→6 by a small number of singleunit β-D-Glcp side-chains, it's also observed that the (1→3)-linked β-D-glucan contained a triple-helical conformation, which was composed of a repeating unit with a structure as below:.

结果表明：灵芝多糖含有三螺旋体构型，GC-MS分析灵芝多糖的主要单糖组分为葡萄糖，还有少量的半乳糖、甘露糖、木糖和艾杜糖，IR及1HNMR分析多糖为β-构型，HIO4氧化、Smith降解和甲基化分析表明：多糖主要为(1→3)糖苷键连接构型，并伴有少量的1→6位支链键连接的结构，灵芝多糖是由D-葡萄糖单元通过β-(1→3)糖苷键连接葡聚多糖，其主要构型特征为(1→3)β-D-线性连接的骨架结构。

Water, C12-20 acid PEG-8 ester, hydrogenated polysobutene, petrolatum, dicaprylyl maleate, hydrogenated vegetable oil, propylene glycol, acetylated lancolin, glycoprrotiens,panax ginseng root extract,equisetum arvense extract, carbomer, butyrospermum parkill fruit, potassium cetyl phosphate, triethanolamine, hypericum perforatum extract, malva sylvestris extract, methylparaben, glycerin, urea, saccharide hydrolysate, magnesium aspartate, glycine, alanine, creatine, propylparaben, ethlparaben, imidazolidinyl urea, polyperfluoromethylisopropyl ether, fragrance

水，C12-20 酸 PEG-8酯，氢化聚异丁烯，凡士林，马来酸二辛酯，氢化植物油，丙二醇，乙醯化羊毛脂，糖蛋白，人参根萃取，问荆萃取，卡波姆，乳木果，鲸蜡醇磷酸酯钾，三乙醇胺，金丝桃萃取，锦葵萃取，羟苯甲酯，甘油，尿素，水解糖，天门冬酸镁，甘氨酸，丙氨酸，肌酸，羟苯丙酯，羟苯乙酯，尿素醛，聚全氟甲基异丙基醚，香料

Monosaccharide Isomerization Simple aldoses and ketoses containing the same number of carbon atoms are isomers of each other; that is, a hexose and a hexulose both have the empirical formula (C6 H1206 )and can be interconverted by isomerization.

单糖异构化含有相同数目碳原子的单醛糖和酮糖互为同分异构体，也就是说一个已醛糖和一个已酮糖都符合经验分子式C6 H1206，并且可通过异构化作用相互转化

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。