糖代谢的

Content of soluble sugar, sucrose and reducing sugar successively went up quickly, till 6 to 7 weeks after anthesis, the maximum value was achieved, after this time, as the cormel gradually developed maturely, content of soluble sugar, sucrose and reducing sugar declined at different speed, and m etabolism of inner carbohydrate was prone to slowness.

同时期籽球内碳水化合物代谢极为旺盛，籽球内可溶性糖、蔗糖和还原糖含量继续快速上升，至花后第6～7w达到最大值，此后随着籽球的成熟，可溶性糖、蔗糖和还原糖含量不同程度下降，内部碳水化合物代谢趋于缓慢。

The result indicated that ZXTMN group excelled the western medicine in the aspects of ameliorating symptom and hemodynamics, adjusting sugar and lipid metabolism, and reducing urine albumin and pltaelet adhesiveness and aggreagtion. The mechanism, which ZXTMN prescription could protect renal function, probably was (1) decreasing the level of sugar and glycosylated ferrohemoglobin;(2) decreasing AR activity of erythrocyte, improving SDH activity of erythrocyte, reducing accumulation of sorbitol in the erythrocyte, thus ameliorating the polyol metabolism;(3) accommodating lipid metabolism;(4) ameliorating coagulation, gathering, thick and mucosity of patient blood.

结果表明，止消通脉宁治疗组明显优于西药对照组，在改善症状，调整糖、脂代谢，减少尿白蛋白，改善血流变，降低血小板粘附和聚集等方面具有显著的疗效，分析其治疗早期DN的机制可能有以下几个方面：（1）降低血糖和糖化血红蛋白；（2）降低DN患者红细胞AR活性、提高SDH活性、减少红细胞内山梨醇积聚从而改善多元醇代谢；（3）调节脂质代谢；（4）改善DN患者血液凝、聚、浓、粘状态，抑制血小板的粘附聚集，从而改善肾脏微循环，保护肾功能。

The sugar chains are usually trisaccharide or tetrasaccharide, and the aglycones are classified into three groups, i.e., solanidane, spirosolane, and other steroidal derivatives.

糖苷生物碱是主要分布于茄科和百合科植物中的糖苷类次级代谢产物，糖链通常由3或4个单糖组成，苷元通常为三类甾体生物碱：茄次碱烷、螺旋甾碱烷和其他甾体衍生物。

Results: The changes following hydrocortisone intervention of rats could be identified by PCA, and the kidney deficiency syndrome rats entered a state of "hyperfunction", involving a series of changes in metabolic pathway and metabolic network. The response integral area of lactic acid (δ 1.37) increased, indicating the accumulation of metabolites of lactic acid. The amount of dimethylamine (δ 2.72) also increased, indicating that the disorder of kidney function was related to kidney-deficiency syndrome. The response of creatinine (δ 3.87), asparaginic acid (δ 2.83), taurine (δ 3.44, 3.28), and hippurate (δ 7.84, 7.56, 7.64, 3.97) all decreased significantly, indicating that the hydrocortisone might cause adrenal cortex excretion injury. The response integral area of succinate (δ 2.41) and citric acid (δ 2.53, 2.68) decreased, which was usually caused by disorder of the mitochondrial function.

结果：PCA方法处理肾虚证和空白对照大鼠尿液数据显示，两组大鼠的数据可以在得分图实现分类，与对照组比较肾虚组大鼠由于氢化可的松诱导，大鼠机体进入一个过消耗后衰弱的状态，相关代谢发生显著变化，乳酸(δ 1.37)代谢发生堆积；二甲胺(δ 2.72)的含量增加，提示肾虚与肾功能异常是密切相关的；天冬氨酸(δ 2.83)，牛磺酸(δ 3.44， 3.25)，马尿酸(δ 7.84， 7.56， 7.64， 3.97)，肌氨酸(δ 3.87)等的相对积分面积明显下降，这预示糖皮质激素可能引起了肾上腺皮质分泌功能的损害；琥珀酸(δ 2.41)和柠檬酸(δ 2.53， 2.68)是三羧酸循环能量代谢及糖酵解的中间产物，其含量的降低，通常是由于线粒体功能紊乱所引起。

The multivariate logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that compared with individuals with no drinking milk,or no fish and aquatic product intake,or no drinking tea,or no sucrose intakes,the milk intakes 250-1500 g/week(OR=0.731,95%CI:0.542-0.987),the fish and aquatic product intake with 250-1000 g/week(OR=0.720,95%CI: 0.541-0.959),or sucrose intakes 250 g/month(OR=0.446,95%CI:0.255-0.779),drinking tea forepassed(OR=0.635,95%CI:0.458-0.883),and current (OR=2.084,95%CI:1.390-3.125) had different levels of risk on MS.

Logistic逐步回归分析结果提示，牛奶摄入、水产品摄入和饮茶是代谢综合征的保护因素，而年龄和糖摄入是代谢综合征的危险因素，其中牛奶摄入在250～1500 g/周(OR=0.731，95% CI=0.542～0.987)，水产品摄入在250～1000 g/周(OR=0.720，95% CI=0.541～0.959)以及以前饮茶（OR=0.446，95% CI=0.255～0.779和现在正在饮茶(OR=0.635，95% CI=0.458～0.883)，对代谢综合征的保护作用明显，而糖摄入250 g/月时代谢综合征的患病的危险是不食用食糖的2倍(OR=2.084，95% CI=1.390～3.125)。

objective to explore environment risk factors of metabolic syndrome.methods a cross-sectional population survey with questionnaires investigation,checkup and laboratory measurement for metabolic syndrome was performed among 2026 teachers,and the logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of ms.results the education,milk intakes,fish and aquatic products intakes,body exercise and drinking tea were different significantly between male and female individuals.univariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that education,body exercises,fish and aquatic products intakes and drinking tea were benefited to the ms,but the age,sucrose intakes were the risk factors to the ms.the multivariate logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that compared with individuals with no drinking milk,or no fish and aquatic product intake,or no drinking tea,or no sucrose intakes,the milk intakes 250-1500 g/week(or=0.731,95%ci:0.542-0.987),the fish and aquatic product intake with 250-1000 g/week(or=0.720,95%ci: 0.541-0.959),or sucrose intakes 250 g/month(or=0.446,95%ci:0.255-0.779),drinking tea forepassed(or=0.635,95%ci:0.458-0.883),and current (or=2.084,95%ci:1.390-3.125) had different levels of risk on ms.conclusion the age and sucrose intakes are risk factors,and the milk intakes,aquatic products and drinking tea benefits for ms.

目的 了解中小学教师代谢综合征发病及其影响因素。方法采用横断面调查方法，随机抽取芜湖市中小学教师2 026名，进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测，并运用logistic回归分析代谢综合征影响因素。结果不同性别的中小学教师在受教育程度、牛奶摄入、水产品摄入和饮茶习惯等方面的差异有统计学意义；其中受教育程度、体育锻炼、水产品摄入和饮茶是保护因素，而年龄、工作紧张程度、糖的摄入可能是代谢综合征的危险因素。logistic逐步回归分析结果提示，牛奶摄入、水产品摄入和饮茶是代谢综合征的保护因素，而年龄和糖摄入是代谢综合征的危险因素，其中牛奶摄入在250～1500 g/周(or=0.731，95% ci=0.542～0.987)，水产品摄入在250～1000 g/周(or=0.720，95% ci=0.541～0.959)以及以前饮茶（or=0.446，95% ci=0.255～0.779和现在正在饮茶(or=0.635，95% ci=0.458～0.883)，对代谢综合征的保护作用明显，而糖摄入250 g/月时代谢综合征的患病的危险是不食用食糖的2倍(or=2.084，95% ci=1.390～3.125)。结论年龄和糖摄入是代谢综合征患病的危险因素，而牛奶、水产品和饮茶是代谢综合征的保护因素。

The results showed that Tang-an-kang could respond symptomatically, lower blood-sugar, diminish urinary protein, regulate endogenous creatinine clearance rate and lipid metabolism etc. It was suggested that Tang-an-kang had a good action on improvement lipid metabolism, diminishing urinary protein and renal function protection.

结果表明：糖安康治疗组在改善DN患者临床症状，降低血糖、糖基化血红蛋白及血肌酐，减少尿蛋白及尿白蛋白，调节内生肌酐清除率，降低血与尿β2微球蛋白，调节脂代谢，改善血液流变性等方面，疗效均优于单用西药的对照组，提示糖安康有良好改善糖脂代谢、减少尿蛋白、保护肾功能的作用。

He analysis of the category and function of TCB stress inducible proteins showed that different groups of proteins were induced by 5 mg L^(-1) TCB stress. They are detoxification enzymes (including esterase, aldo/keto reductases, and glutathione S-transferase), cell wall compound metabolism related enzymes (including UDP-glucose protein transglucosylase and GDP-mannose 3,5-epimerase 1), phytohormone metabolism and regulation related enzymes or proteins (including aci-reductone dioxygenase 4, beta-glucosidase, two members of pathogenesis-related proteins from family 10), primary and secondary metabolism regulative enzymes (including translational elongation factor Tu, cytosolic orthophosphate dikinase, triosephosphate isomerases, alanine aminotransferase, and isoflavone reductase).

CB胁迫能诱导根系内不同类型蛋白质的表达，它们是：解毒酶（包括脂酶、醛／酮还原酶、谷胱甘肽－硫转移酶），细胞壁物质代谢相关酶（包括蛋白转葡萄糖基酶、GDP-甘露糖－3，5-异构酶1），激素代谢或调节相关酶（包括酸式－还原酮二加氧酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、病程相关蛋白家族10中的2个不同蛋白），原初或次生代谢相关酶（包括转录延长因子、细胞质磷酸丙酮酸双激酶、磷酸丙糖异构酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶和异黄酮还原酶）。

Sterilization in desinfection chamber and subcultures of collections ;②confection of fermentation media and sterilization technics;③influences to objective produce altering the fermentable conditions ,including the examinations of the parameters about remnant sugar、pH、growth of microorganisms and produce;④separations and distillations of objective produces in fermented broth,the distillation technics of filter press and ion exchange;⑤brief and operation techniques of automatic fermentation tank.

课程内容：本课程主要实验内容：①微生物无菌室灭菌及种子扩大培养技术；②微生物发酵培养基及配制及灭菌技术；③微生物发酵及发酵条件的改变对目的产物代谢的影响，包括菌体生长、pH、残糖和产物等发酵过程中各项参数的检测；④发酵液中目的产物的分离及提纯，板框压滤离子交换提取技术；⑤自动发酵罐的简介及操作技术。

Meanwhile, five proteins that were also induced, were proved to be the enzymes involved in the process for glycolysis or gluconeogenesis.

在对表达差异显著的15个点进行了鉴定后，确定了其中5个属于糖酵解过程的关键酶，说明底物不仅诱导了直接作用于底物的氧化酶的表达而且导致了代谢的整体迁移。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。