糖代谢

Here, we review recent evidences suggesting that nitric oxide exerts a fine control of neuronal energy metabolism by tuning the balance of glucose-6-phosphate consumption between glycolysis and pentose – phosphate pathway.

我们综述了近期的证据，说明一氧化氮通过影响葡糖-6-磷酸消耗量，调节糖酵解和戊糖磷酸盐通路之间的平衡，精确控制神经元的能量代谢。

It is suggested that the action site of ABA on sugar unloading may be at theplasmalemma of SE/CC complex, but not at the apoplasmic space during sugar metabolism indeveloping apple fruit,and that the action site of ABA on sugar loading into sink cells may be notrestricted only at the plasmalemma of the cells.

根据实验结果综合分析认为，ABA对果实内糖卸出的作用位点可能在SE/CC复合体的质膜上，而不在质外空间糖的代谢过程中；ABA对糖装入的作用位点可能不限于库细胞质膜；ABA在果肉韧皮部的富集，一方面可能与ABA的输入有关，另一方面可能与韧皮部存在ABA作用位点有关。

The sugar chains are usually trisaccharide or tetrasaccharide, and the aglycones are classified into three groups, i.e., solanidane, spirosolane, and other steroidal derivatives.

糖苷生物碱是主要分布于茄科和百合科植物中的糖苷类次级代谢产物，糖链通常由3或4个单糖组成，苷元通常为三类甾体生物碱：茄次碱烷、螺旋甾碱烷和其他甾体衍生物。

By the catalyzed of F3H, F3'H and F3'5'H, the biosynthesis of anthocyanins branched three pathway to form pelargonidin, cyanidin and delphinidin separately. DFR, F3'H and F3'5'H are the most important genes for introducing new metabolic branches by genetic transformation to plants that lack some kinds of flower pigments.

花色素苷的生物合成主要由于F3H，F3'H和F3'5'H三个关键酶的作用形成3个分支，最终分别生成橙色到砖红色的天竺葵素糖苷，红色的矢车菊素糖苷和蓝色到紫色的飞燕草素糖苷，因此， F3'H，F3'5'H和DFR基因是利用遗传转化引入花卉植物原本缺乏的花色代谢途径的关键基因。

HPLC, IR and released〓 analysis indicated that the biodegradation products of the regeneratedcellulose films mainly contain oligosaccharides, cellobiose,glucose, arabinose,erythrose, glycerose, glycerol, and organic acid, the end products were 〓 andwater.

高效液相色谱和IR结果示出再生纤维素膜的主要降解产物为寡糖、纤维二糖、葡萄糖、阿拉伯糖、赤藓糖、甘露糖、甘油及有机酸，最终产物为二氧化碳和水。30℃时纤维素膜一个月后可以被培养基中的菌完全代谢掉。

The results show that the hyperthyroidism group has elevated levels of choline, glucose and declined levels of VLDL, LDL, cholesterol, lactate, glycoprotein and alanine in serum samples relative to the healthy group. In urine samples, the hyperthyroidism group show increased levels of glucose, citrate, taurine and creatinine as well as decreased levels of hippurate, trimethylamine-N-oxide, formate and succinate.

结果表明，甲亢组血清中的胆碱、葡萄糖和三甲胺等物质的含量升高，而VLDL，LDL和胆固醇等脂质以及乳酸、糖蛋白和丙氨酸等代谢物的含量下降；甲亢组尿液中的葡萄糖、柠檬酸、牛磺酸以及肌氨酸等代谢物的含量升高，而马尿酸、TMAO、甲酸和琥珀酸等代谢物的含量下降。

The result indicates that the yeast used in the experiment can not only metabolize xylose, galactose, and other pentoses, but also utilize hexoses like the glucose.

考察了酵母平板生长情况，结果表明试验中的菌株可以代谢木糖，半乳糖和甘露糖等戊糖，也可以利用己糖如葡萄糖。

Because malates specially location in the process of organism metabolism and can its beneficial effect to sports ability, the purpose of this investigation is to probe into the different influence malate ingestion on glycogen store, aerobic metabolism and blood urea metabolism when malate, oligosaccharide and FDP were ingested at the same time or alone, and furthermore to provide feasibility reference to utilize malate for athletes.66 male mice were divided into contrast group, malate group, malate oligosaccharide solution group, malate complex nutrient solution.

鉴于苹果酸在生物体代谢过程中所处的独特地位，以及它对机体代谢和运动能力的有益影响，本研究的目的在于探讨分别或同时补充苹果酸、低聚糖和FDP时，苹果酸对小鼠糖储备、骨骼肌有氧代谢及血尿素的不同影响，以便阐明它的作用机理和使用效果，为体育实践中应用苹果酸提供了可行性依据。

Compared with the ck, the sugar accumulation increased extremely significant by grafting with the wild watermelon 2, but that of the other treatments all decreased and the sugar accumulation of loofah/Zaojia was the lowest. The sucrose invertase activity decreased; the activitives of sucrose phosphate synthase and net for sucrose-metabolism enzymes all increased during the development of own-rooted and grafted watermelons.

与对照相比，野生西瓜2号／早佳组合的果实糖积累极显著增高，而其他嫁接组合的糖积累均降低，丝瓜／早佳组合的果实糖含量最低；自根和嫁接西瓜果实发育过程中蔗糖转化酶活性降低，蔗糖磷酸合酶活性升高，蔗糖合酶在西瓜果实发育后期主要起合成作用，促进果实蔗糖积累，蔗糖代谢相关酶净活性值增大。

And lower the pod shell soluble sugar content at the beginning of seed filling stage. The effect of nitrogen was different at different growth stages.3、Effect of nitrogen levels on soybean nitrogen metabolismNitrogen can increase nitrate reductase activity, and the effect was the most obvious in the peak period.

施氮可以提高开花期叶片淀粉含量，降低茎秆中可溶性糖含量，在成熟期降低叶片可溶糖含量，并在鼓粒始期降低荚皮可溶性糖含量。3、氮素水平对大豆氮代谢酶影响施氮可以提高硝酸还原酶的活性，且在酶活性峰值期作用效果最明显。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。