精馏

Main contributions and achievements are as follows:A general non-equilibrium rigorous model for RDP is developed in this thesis. Based on the pseudo-homogenous assumption, two main factors reaction and separation are de-coupled, and an RDP model with the same format as that for a traditional distillation process is established. To solve the model with a large number of algebraic equations, modified M-K equations with tri-diagonal matrix form are developed based on the improved Separation Efficiency Functions, which greatly increases the iteration efficiency. This thesis also develops a general reactive distillation dynamic model. Through splitting of the differential variables based on SEFS, large-scaled differential algebraic equations can be solved with the improved Gear's algorithm which makes the dynamic model suitable for the on-line application. A simulation platform for the control loop design and evaluation of RDP by introducing control system equations into the dynamic model is also developed.A lactic acid purification pilot-scale RDP is investigated.

论文对热点问题——反应精馏过程的建模与优化控制相关技术进行了深入的研究，取得了一系列成果：1、建立了反应精馏过程机理模型，基于拟均相假设，将反应和分离过程进行解耦，推导出反应精馏过程的非平衡级稳态模型和动态模型，通过引入推广的分离效率函数，对模型变量进行了合理划分，显著提高了模型求解效率；将动态模型和控制系统方程结合，建立了反应精馏过程控制系统研究的辅助工具。2、全面分析了乳酸提纯反应精馏新工艺试验装置，利用本文建立的过程机理模型，对该试验装置进行了稳态和动态性能分析及水力学核算；设计和分析了单边质量控制方案，比较了间接和直接物料平衡控制两种方案的控制性能。

Based on the success of the industrialization of the process of catalytic distillation of methyl acetate hydrolysis, the new process of catalytic distillation of methyl acetate and methanol azeotrope hydrolysis and related fundamental research were studied. These can make further improvement on the process in order to simplify the process and reduce the energy-consumed of the recovery system. In addition, theoretical system of the simulation and design the catalytic distillation process were established, which can provide the basis of the pilot plant and industrialization in the future.

本文在催化精馏水解工艺工业化成功的基础上，进行了醋酸甲酯和甲醇共沸物催化精馏水解新工艺及其相关基础研究，以进一步改进工艺，达到简化流程及节能降耗的目的，同时建立起催化精馏过程模拟和设计的理论体系，为中试及将来的工业化打下了坚实的基础。

Based on the success of the industrialization of the process of catalytic distillation of methyl acetate hydrolysis, the new process of catalytic distillation of methyl acetate and methanol azeotrope hydrolysis and related fundamental research were studied.

本文在催化精馏水解工艺工业化成功的基础上，进行了醋酸甲酯和甲醇共沸物催化精馏水解新工艺及其相关基础研究，以进一步改进工艺，达到简化流程及节能降耗的目的，同时建立起催化精馏过程模拟和设计的理论体系，为中试及将来的工业化打下了坚实的基础。

The following points are emphasized:The operation models of adiabatic and diabatic distillation have been set up and the operation block, thermodynamics model and mathematical model in the simulation have been determined as well;(2)Based on the simulation and exergy analysis with Aspen Plus program, shortcut distillation design—DSTWU model and rigorous distillation design—RADFRAC model, the author has determined the heat duty, exergy losses and the distribution of exergy losses along the adiabatic column, which will help the simulation and optimization of the diabatic distillation;(3)Diabatic distillation under various operation conditions has been simulated by using energy balance method and exergy analysis;(4)How the different mixture and the various degree of separation, number of trays and feed location influence exergy saving in diabatic distillation have also been discussed;(5)On the basis of the total exergy losses along the column, different schema of the heat transfer distribution along the column have been compared and analyzed;they can be classified in three categories: heat duty equipartition approach, empirical approach, separation degree matching approach. In conclusion, different heat transfer distribution along the column will have effect on total exergy losses. In particular, most satisfactory results have been obtained by using separation degree matching approach. In order to diminish the exergy losses, heat transfer distribution should meet the needs of the request of separation degree.And on this premise, the author makes his suggestion in increasing the proportion of heat supplied to the tray with minimum exergy losses and decreasing the proportion of heat supplied to the tray with the maximum exergy losses.

本文对透热精馏过程进行了模拟并对其节能效果的影响因素做了较为全面的分析和深入的研究，主要研究内容如下：(1)建立了常规精馏和透热精馏过程的模拟操作模块、热力学模型以及数学模型；(2)利用化工模拟软件Aspen Plus并分别采用DSTWU简捷模型和RADFRAC严格计算模型对常规精馏进行模拟计算和有效能分析，确定常规精馏塔的公用工程热负荷、有效能损失及有效能损失在塔内的分布，为透热精馏的模拟和优化提供数据参考；(3)对不同物系在不同分离度条件下进行透热精馏的模拟，分别采用能量衡算法和有效能分析法进行计算和分析；(4)探讨了各种因素如物系的选择、不同分离度、塔板数、进料位置对透热精馏节能效果的影响；(5)以全塔总有效能损失为比较基准，对热量在塔内的三种分布方案即热负荷平均分配法、经验法和分离度匹配法进行了对比分析并得出结论：塔内热量的不同分布方案对于全塔总有效能损失会产生影响，其中以分离度匹配法的节能效果最为理想，为减少有效能的损失，应使塔内的热量分布满足各塔板的分离度要求，并在此前提下，尽量减小有效能损失大的塔板的热负荷和增加有效能损失小的塔板的热负荷。

The binary and ternary experimental equilibrium data of the composites of mesitylene,1-methyl-2-ethylbenzene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene and the infinite activity coefficients γ~∞ are measured in the solvent of DBP .

以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯为萃取精馏溶剂，测定了邻甲乙苯—均三甲苯—偏三甲苯体系的二元及三元汽液平衡数据；编程关联了W ilson模型参数；采用物料平衡三对角矩阵法对萃取精馏过程进行了模拟，得出了萃取精馏塔的最佳操作条件，为萃取精馏法生产均三甲苯提供了基础数据。

The presumption that new technology about distillation column with a single reactor can be used in photochlorination of acetic acid is first proposed in this paper. The fact that reaction distillation has obvious advantages in the number of theoretically perfect trays and energy consumption was obtained by theoretical analysis between the coupling of reaction and distillation and the independent operation, which lays a theoretical foundation on the application of the distillation column with a single reactor in photochlorination of acetic acid.

本文首次提出了将背包式反应精馏耦合技术应用于乙酸氯化反应的设想，通过对反应精馏耦合和反应精馏独立操作两种情况进行理论分析，发现反应精馏耦合在理论板数、能耗方面均具有明显优势，因而为背包式反应精馏应用于乙酸光氯化反应奠定了理论基础。

The invention relates to a dynamic matrix control system of high-purity distillation, which comprises distillation tower, intelligent checker, DCS system, superior host, and on-site bus, while they are connected. The control system uses tower product group as the object variable, and the reflux ratio and reboil ratio as control variable; the superior receives history temperature and pressure data from the DCS real-time database, via the predict control and dynamic matrix controller, to obtain the output values of present controller as reflux ratio and reboil ratio, then feedback said two values to DCS system, to function the distillation object. The invention can confirm the high-purity stable operation, with better dynamical control.

本发明公开了一种高纯精馏的动态矩阵控制系统和方法；系统包括：精馏塔、智能检测仪表、DCS系统、上位机和现场总线；所述精馏塔、智能检测仪表、DCS系统和上位机通过现场总线依次相连，实现信息流的上传和下达；本发明所涉及的控制系统采用塔双端产品组分为被控变量，回流比和再沸比为对应的控制变量；上位机从DCS实时数据库中获得历史的温度、压力等数据，通过推断控制环节和动态矩阵控制器环节，得到当前控制器的输出值-回流比和再沸比，再把控制器输出值返回给DCS系统，实现了对高纯精馏过程的双端产品高纯控制，对双端组分的高纯度平稳操作，具有很好的动态品质和控制效果。

On the basis of summarizing separation method of acetic acid-water system, we studied the azeotropic distillation process of acetic acid-water system, selecting butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate and isopropyl acetate as entrainers. The influence of packing height, ratio of water to entrainer and acetic acid initial concentration to separation effect of azeotropic distillation was studied in detail. Simulation calculations of general distillation and azeotropic distillation were carried out. The influence of reflux ratio, theoretical plate, feed position, feed temperature and feed concentration to distillation process were discussed. Preferred process operation parameter, which had guiding meaning to practical production of distillation process were obtained. Basic data for the process amplifying design of azeotropic distillation tower were provided. Invest and operation energy consumption of two distillation methods were compared. The elementary technical design of azeotropic distillation tower was carried out on the basis of result of simulation calculation. The type of major auxiliary equipments and inner parts of packed tower were selected.The research results are as follows:(1) Butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate and isopropyl acetate could be selected as entrainer, and separation effect was near.

本文在综述醋酸-水体系分离方法的基础上，以醋酸丁酯、醋酸异丁酯、醋酸异丙酯为挟带剂，对醋酸水溶液进行共沸精馏过程研究，详细研究了填料高度、水与挟带剂的配比、醋酸初始浓度等对共沸精馏分离效果的影响；对醋酸-水体系进行普通精馏和共沸精馏过程模拟计算，讨论了回流比、理论板、进料位置、进料温度和浓度对精馏过程的影响，获得了对醋酸-水体系精馏过程实际生产具有指导意义的较佳的工艺操作参数、共沸精馏塔的工艺设计放大的基础数据，并对两种精馏方法的投资、操作能耗进行了比较；同时在共沸精馏模拟计算的基础上进行了共沸精馏塔的初步工艺设计计算，并对填料塔的主要辅助设备及塔内件进行了初步选型。

Application of vacuum rectification technology, molecular distillation technology, and high pressure rectification technology in oils and fats industry were reviewed.

综述了精馏技术在油脂工业中的应用进展，主要介绍了减压精馏技术、分子蒸馏技术以及高压精馏技术在现代油脂工业中的应用，并对精馏技术在今后油脂工业的应用前景及发展方向进行了阐述。

By soluting each level respectively, which makecomplex of construcing heat pump distillation process to be a better solution. By analyzing the thermodynamic properties of conventional distillation and heatpump distillation, mathematical model and computational method is established. Byoptimizing method of designing various structures, the most costeffective isdetermined.

通过分析常规和热泵精馏系统的热力学特性，建立了热泵精馏流程数学模型及优化设计方法，针对不同的热泵精馏流程结构采用不同的优化设计方法以获得最大的经济效益；为验证热泵精馏流程的可行性提供有利依据，建立了用于确定热泵精馏热集成方案的经济评价标准；将策略与优化设计算法相结合应用于热泵精馏流程，以实现构建较优热泵精馏流程。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。