精细结构

Thirdly, a new type base isolation system, i. e., slide-limited friction base isolation system is presented in this paper. Based on this system, harmonic and subharmonic periodic response of S-LF subjected to harmonic motion is investigated by using Floquet theory. Dynamic response of sliding structure subjected to earthquake ground motion is calculated with a precise high order direct integration method, and the numerical results are presented in terms of maximum acceleration response spectra of supcrstructure and maximum sliding displacement response spectrum. By comparison with isolating effects of pure-friction base isolation system and resilient-friction base isolation system , it shows that the isolating characteristic of S-LF is superior to P-F and R-FBI. Through analyzing an engineering example, it is observed that the maximum inter-storey shear force and absolute acceleration of sliding structure to earthquake ground motion are very different from those of traditional structures.

提出了一种新型基础隔震模型，即带限位装置的摩擦隔震体系；基于此隔震模型，利用Floquet理论研究地面谐运动下S-LF结构的运动特性；并利用高精度的精细时程积分法，通过对地震作用下S-LF动力响应的计算，绘制了上部结构最大加速度反应谱和基底最大滑移量反应谱，并研究了各种结构参数对隔震的影响；通过与恢复力摩擦隔震系统和纯摩擦力滑移隔震系统的比较表明，S-LF的隔震性能优于P-F和R-FBI；对计算实例的分析发现，地震作用下S-LF结构的层间最大剪力和最大绝对加速度反应分布较一般传统结构有很大区别。

Dynamic response of sliding structure subjected to earthquake ground motion is calculated with a precise high order direct integration method, and the numerical results are presented in terms of maximum acceleration response spectra of supcrstructure and maximum sliding displacement response spectrum. By comparison with isolating effects of pure-friction base isolation system and resilient-friction base isolation system , it shows that the isolating characteristic of S-LF is superior to P-F and R-FBI. Through analyzing an engineering example, it is observed that the maximum inter-storey shear force and absolute acceleration of sliding structure to earthquake ground motion are very different from those of traditional structures.

提出了一种新型基础隔震模型，即带限位装置的摩擦隔震体系；基于此隔震模型，利用Floquet理论研究地面谐运动下S-LF结构的运动特性；并利用高精度的精细时程积分法，通过对地震作用下S-LF动力响应的计算，绘制了上部结构最大加速度反应谱和基底最大滑移量反应谱，并研究了各种结构参数对隔震的影响；通过与恢复力摩擦隔震系统和纯摩擦力滑移隔震系统的比较表明，S-LF的隔震性能优于P-F和R-FBI；对计算实例的分析发现，地震作用下S-LF结构的层间最大剪力和最大绝对加速度反应分布较一般传统结构有很大区别。

Meanwhile the nonhydrostatic and high-resolution character and physical processes contained in the cloud model can be made use of. In this way some of the difficulties met in the fully description can be overcome. So we can investigate the effect of surface friction on the frontogenesis in the boundary layer in high-resolution nonhydrostatic model. The structure of the front obtained through this approach is consistent with the observation.

在高分辨率情况下研究了地面摩擦对边界层内锋生的作用，从而得出比较精细的、与实际观测相一致的类似重力流的边界层内锋面结构特征，说明了地面摩擦对锋生和锋面结构的重要影响，这是以往数值模拟还没有得到的结果。

Firstly the theoretical models of reflective optical fiber bundle sensors were put forward for their general applicability, which can provide guidance for the design and implement of such sensors. Based on such theoretical models, an embedded optical fiber bundle sensor is implemented for displacement measurement in fine machining and precision controlling. Secondly the design and implement of an embedded network interface was presented, which can connect the sensors into Fieldbus network, IP network, wireless communication network and so on. Lastly the sensor structural design based on embedded microprocessor and real-time operation system, the software structural design based on multitasking and monocycle were presented, which can increase the real-time and reliability features of signal processing and transmission.

结合精细加工和精密控制中的位移测量，提出了同轴随机型反射式光纤束位移传感器的建模分析理论和设计实现，该传感器模型的建立及应用有效地避免了传统"试制-修正"法的盲目性，为反射式光纤束传感器的设计和制造提供了理论指导，为新型传感器的研究和应用开辟了道路；提出了基于嵌入式系统的网络接口模块的设计和实现，使传感器能够无缝接入现场总线、IP网以及无线通讯网等网络，从而拓展了传感器的应用领域；提出了基于嵌入式微处理器和实时多任务操作系统的传感器结构设计以及基于多任务单循环的软件结构设计，提高了传感信息处理和传输的实时性和可靠性。

This paper aims to investigate structural health monitoring oriented finite element modeling for the tower of long-span bridges.

首先采用不同的方法分别建立了大跨桥梁索塔的精细有限元模型和简化模型，运用环境振动实测结果对简化有限元模型进行了修正，并和精细模型计算结果相比较；研究结果表明：严格按照设计图纸建立的精细有限元模型计算得到的动力特性与索塔现场环境振动实测值之间的误差较小，而未经修正的简化模型误差较大，由此说明：大跨桥梁在有限元建模时应尽可能详细地反映结构的几何与材料特性，在此前提下，对于设计资料全面的桥梁结构，建立有限元模型时就只需要修正那些无法用数学和物理方法模拟的不确定因素。

Based on equaling the semi-rigid connecting as the reduction of member end section bending stiffness,an optimization equivalent method is put forward on the principal of minimizing the error term between stiffness matrix of fined model and one of equivalent simple model.In this dissertation,structural fatigue cumulative damage and residual life assessment of wind-induced fatigue safety prewarning system is studied.S-N curve method and fracture mechanics method for fatigue analysis are discussed.

本文建立了高耸塔架结构中广泛使用的螺栓节点板联结节点的精细有限元模型，提出了一种优化等效的方法，以刚度矩阵的误差最小为等效原则，在把节点处杆件的半刚性联接等效为杆端截面抗弯刚度下降的基础上，得到了螺栓节点联结杆件的精细有限元模型与简化有限元模型的等效关系。

Taking the accurate analysis on the joggling region of a connecting rod bolt as an example, the accurate analysis of numerical simulation on complex structures is done combing with the functions and features of ANSYS submodel technology.

以连杆螺栓啮合区域的精细分析为例，结合ANSYS子模型技术的功能特点，进行复杂结构数值模拟的精细分析。

Taking the accurate analysis on the joggling region of a connecting rod bolt as an example, the accurate analysis of numerical simulation on complex structures is done combing with the functions and features of ANSYS submodel technology.

以连杆螺栓嘀合区域的精细分析为例，结合ANSYS 子模型技术的功能特点，进行复杂结构数值模拟的精细分析。

Using fluid dynamics FEM (two dimensional, three dimensional andaxisymmetric) and three dimensional acoustic FEM in meticulous analysis ofexpansion muffler structure, this paper studies the influences of each mufflercomponents' position, dimension, form and quantity on the fluid dynamic andacoustic performances;therefore the paper indicates that the end of the intruding tubeis the linchpin of the fluid dynamic performance of the whole muffler structure, thespringhead of muffler fluid dynamic performance is the smoothness of air current, themain factor which affects the acoustic attenuation value of expansion chamber muffleris the grade of saltation of the section of air conducting access, and the attenuationvalue of specific frequency can be dramatically enhanced by carefully designing thelength of expansion chamber.

本文通过流体力学有限元方法和三维声学有限元方法对扩张腔消声结构的参数化模型进行了细致的分析，研究了这种结构的各个组成部份的位置、大小、形状和数量对其流体力学与声学性能的影响，指出插入管端口是影响整个结构流体力学性能的关键，消声结构流体力学性能的根源是气流通过时的平稳程度；影响扩张腔消声量的主要因素为声波传播通路截面突变的程度，并可以通过精细的设计扩张腔轴向长度获得宽频或指定频率消声量的大幅度提高。

The Laue detector is a new type of fluorescence XAFS detector, which has advantages of good energy resolution, high counting rate and big acceptance area.

劳埃型荧光X射线吸收精细结构探测器是一种新型的探测器，它具有能量分辨好、计数率高和接收面积较大等优点，对于高光通量场合的痕量元素XAFS实验具有很高的灵敏度，有很好的应用前景。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。