精神

Witch doctor s, faith healer s and Christian Scientist s 基督教精神疗法者 have never doubted it.

巫医、替人实施信仰疗疾者以及基督教精神信仰疗法者对此从来都深信不疑。

Types of help-seeking behavior found from participants in this study include psychotic medical therapy, Chinese medicine therapy (taking herbal medicine or receiving chiropractic therapy), folk therapy, popular sector (nourishing brain by taking cod-liver oil, doing sports) and the pluralistic help-seeking type-the combination of two or more of the above types.

研究发现，精神分裂症患者在经验疾病症状时，多呈现对於听觉与视觉的症状经验，患者衍生出因应措施以及家属缺乏对精神分裂症的认识，导致延迟就医的发生；受访者求助行为的型态包括精神医疗、中医治疗、民俗疗法(祭解、拜拜、收惊、求神问卜)与大众医疗方式等多层面并用的复式求助型态；采取复式求助行为的决定因素为：宗教与对精神疾病的民俗信念、寻找任何可能痊愈的治疗方式与受访者的健康信念；受访者在复式求助行为中选择精神医疗的原因有：患者外显行为的干扰程度、对精神分裂症疾病正确的认知与在另类疗法体系受挫的求助经验；而求助精神医疗的情境有：寻求答案与改变现况。

The aim of this research papers is to illuminate that the spirit damage indemnity can be found in liability of breach faith, and it is necessary to involve this item of indemnity liability in liability of breach faithThis thesis has five parts:In the first part, the basic knowledge of spirit damage and spirit damage indemnity is introduced, that the core of the spirit damage is the detraction and forfeit of the spirit benefit is indicated and analyzed, breach of faith spirit damage indemnity means a liability form to compensate for the detraction and forfeit of the objective spirit benefit by the payment of money to the non-default side.

本论文研究的目的在于说明精神损害赔偿可以存在于违约责任之中，而且违约责任中有必要包含该项赔偿责任。本论文共分为五部分：第一部分是关于精神损害及精神损害赔偿的基本理论介绍，分析指出精神损害的核心是精神利益的减损与丧失。违约精神损害赔偿是指通过给付金钱于非违约方的方式，对客观存在的精神利益的减损或丧失进行赔偿的责任形式。

The chapter gives analysis on the concept of mental damage and the concept, internal construction, function and characteristic of mental damage compensation. The author thinks that mental damage means mental pain or mental benefit incurrence which illegal behavior inflicts on civil subjects, the essence of mental damage is the demage to metal legal interest in civil subjects,civil rights and other civil legal rights; Mental damage compensation means legal liability in the form of property because illegal behavior inflicts mental pain or mental benefit incurrence on civil subjects.

第一章：精神损害赔偿涵义及功能的分析与认识本章分别就精神损害的内涵和精神损害赔偿的涵义、内在结构及功能、特征作了分析，笔者主张精神损害的内涵实质，就是对民事主体民事权利和其他合法民事权益中精神法益的损害，其最终表现形式或者说结果是精神痛苦和精神利益的丧失或减损。

This article is mainly a discussion on the spiritual damage compensation for close relatives of victim under the situations of damage to right of life, damage to the right of health and damage to the right of personality of the dead, which is based on an introduction and comparison of the concerned foreign legal regulations and academic theories and in combination with the legal practice in China Wherefore the author put forwards his own ideas as following: first, Under the condition that there is a distance of time between injury and death, the close relatives of the dead shall inherit the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation of the dead for the suffering before his death, in addition to their own intrinsic right of claim for spiritual damage compensation; The second, under the condition that the inflictor has caused the disablement of the sufferer or serious damage to his health, the close relative in a limited cycle of the sufferer should be granted with the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation, which is confirmed in law and becomes a practice in foreign countries; The third, since the aim of the law to protect the personality of the dead from infringement is to protect the benefits of the close relatives of the dead and to maintain public benefits, is constituted on the personality of the dead the close relative of the dead may initial legal proceeding for spiritual damage compensation.

探讨以介绍和比较国外相关法律规定和学术理论为前提，结合我国的实际情况，从理论与实践相结合的角度对以上各问题分别进行了分析，并提出了作者自己的一些见解：第一、在公民从受伤害到死亡有一段时间距离的情形下，死者的近亲属除依法享有其固有的精神损害赔偿请求权以外，还可以继承死者生前就其所受之精神损害而享有的精神损害赔偿请求权；第二、在加害人的行为已造成直接受害人残疾，或者是造成其健康严重受损的其他后果的情形下，我国应在借鉴国外已有立法和判例的基础上，赋予一定范围内的受害人近亲属以精神损害赔偿请求权；第三、法律保护死者人格不受侵害的目的是为了保护死者近亲属的利益和维护公共利益，一般情形下，只要死者近亲属能证明其诉讼主体的合法性，能够证实侵害"死者人格"的行为已构成侵权，即可推定死者近亲属因此而遭受了精神痛苦——无须举证的"名义上的精神损害"，死者近亲属即可提起精神损害赔偿之诉。

Third, people with spirit of bushido in Japan have died as a trend along with the death of ancient power of Mufu, bushido that self-scarification and faithfulness for emperor, exactly speaking the said heroes who are willingly to sacrify their lives of flesh for spirit of loyalty and faithfulness have lost the soil that can provide basic condition of generation and growth of the bushido, especially for Japan, which had been seriously beaten by atom bomb in World War two, situation of lack of this sort of spirit can only be described as "lose something along with its root and seeds ", so the formation of Wooden Child with Iron Arms is a sort of mean of Japanese spiritsick and self-making for the bushido which had ever experienced its glories and splendidness, because spirit of self-scarification of Wooden Child with Iron Arms has already died among Japanese.

第三，日本人具有武士道精神的人随着日本古代幕府政权的消亡而渐趋衰竭，武士道为天皇孝忠的精神，明确一点讲就是为忠义精神而勇于牺牲肉身的所谓英雄已经失去了其产生和成长的土壤，特别是作为在二战遭受原子弹打击而投降的日本，这种精神的匮乏更是可以用一厥不振来形容，铁臂阿童木的形成是日本人对往昔辉煌武士道精神的一种怀念，一种意淫，因为阿童木的勇于牺牲的精神已经在日本人的精神中死亡了。

This paper, from the perspective of esthetics, illustrates the subjectiveness and educatedness of the play-spirit existing in the musical education; play-spirit is of freedom, sur-utility, ecstasy, enterprise, cooperation on equal footing, and active participation. On the basis of the abovementioned theories and the characteristics of the gerontic college, the paper concludes the creative theme- For Full Representation of play-spirit in the Musical Education of Gerontic College.

论文从美学的角度论述了音乐教育中&游戏精神&属性存在的客观性及其教育意义：指出&游戏精神&的内涵是一种自由的精神、一种超功利的精神、一种愉悦快乐的精神、一种富有创新的精神、一种平等合作的精神以及一种积极表现、主动参与的精神；进而以上述理论为基础，从老年大学音乐教育的特点出发，推导出了&在老年大学音乐教育中倡导游戏精神的张扬&这一富有一定独创性的命题。

Moon about 精神恍惚 He often mooned about those days.

那些日子他常常精神恍惚。

During the past one hundred years, the spirit of nationalism developed it"s connotation .It includes "XinHai" spirit (overthrowing feudal dynasty and developing our country vigorously );"Five-Four" spirit (striving for progress, democracy and science);"JingGang" spirit (burning an extensive prospect from a small spark of hope);"ChangZheng" spirit(strengthening the brief of victory and going forward without any fear );"Ant-Japan war" spirit (Uniting together to defend foreign aggression and fighting for the nation);"YanAn" spirit(seeking truth and overcoming difficulties by ourselves);"Initialing undertaking" spirit (struggling arduously and constructing our country assiduously and thriftily);"Reforming spirit (abolishing out-dated regulations and advocating new systems).

在近百年的历程中，中华民族精神又表现出丰富的时代内容，它们是：推翻帝制，振兴中华的辛亥精神；爱国进步，民主科学的五四精神；星星之火，可以燎原的井冈精神；坚定信念，一往无前的长征精神；团结御侮，浴血救国的抗战精神；求真务实，自力更生的延安精神；艰苦奋斗，勤俭建国的创业精神；革故鼎新，开拓进取的改革精神等等。

According to the dements that exist in the system, I suggest that to perfect it , we should fulfill the following points: first, make clear the definition of spiritual damages and confirm the system by construction; second, further widen the applying scope of compensation for spiritual damages; third, reduce the limits that people encounter

针对我国精神损害赔偿制度的缺陷，笔者认为，要完善我国精神损害赔偿制度，应从以下几方面着手：第一，明确精神损害赔偿的概念和从立法上确认精神损害赔偿制度；第二，应进一步拓宽精神损害赔偿的适用范围；第三，请求精神损害赔偿的主体应放宽条件限制；第四，在责任方式上，应该采取财产方式与非财产方式并重的&双轨制&；第五，精神损害赔偿的标准和数额须进一步明确；第六，应确立刑事附带精神损害赔偿制度。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。