精度

These results show that:(1) the results retrieved from the Abel integral and absolute TEC inversion are consistent on the whole at higher orbits altitude (~800 km), and in good agreement with those measured by ionosondes; the results retrieved from absolute TEC inversion are in better agreement with those obtained from ionosondes than that by the Abel integral inversion at lower orbits attitude (~500 km);(2) the maximal electron density N m from absolute TEC inversion is closer to N mF2 from ionosondes than that from Abel integral inversion, and the method of the former is more rigorous and effective than that of the latter;(3) absolute TEC is more sensitive to cycle slip than Abel integral, but for the two ways significant loss of inversion precision due to cycle slip always exists.

结果表明：（1）在较高轨道高度（约800 km），Abel积分与绝对TEC方法的反演结果基本一致，都与电离层测高仪反演结果符合良好；在较低轨道高度（约500 km），绝对TEC反演精度优于Abel积分反演精度；（2）绝对TEC反演的最大电子密度 N m较Abel积分法获得的结果更接近于电离层测高获得的峰值电子密度 N mF2，绝对TEC反演法更加严密和有效；（3）周跳对绝对TEC反演结果的影响较Abel积分反演结果的影响更为敏感，但无论哪种方法，周跳对反演精度都造成严重损失。

In this paper, firstly, the new combined error model of cumulative geoid height influenced by three error sources including the inter-satellite range-rate of K-band ranging system, orbital position of GPS receiver and non-conservative force of accelerometer from GRACE satellites is established using the semi-analytical method. Secondly, the dependability of error models is demonstrated based on matching relationship among the accuracy indexes of key payloads. Finally, the accuracy of global gravitational field up to degree and order 120 is effectively and rapidly estimated from GRACE Level 1B measured observation errors of the year 2006 publicized by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the USA, and the cumulative geoid height error is 18.368 cm at degree 120, which preferably accords with the Earth's gravitational field model EIGEN-GRACE02S provided by the GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam in Germany.

首先基于半解析法建立了新的GRACE卫星K波段测量系统星间测速、GPS接收机轨道位置和加速度计非保守力误差联合影响累计大地水准面的误差模型；其次，基于各关键载荷精度指标的匹配关系，论证了误差模型的可靠性；最后，基于美国喷气动力实验室公布的2006年的GRACE Level 1B实测误差数据，有效和快速地估计了120阶全球重力场的精度，在120阶处累计大地水准面的精度为18.368 cm，其结果和德国地学研究中心公布的EIGEN-GRACE02S全球重力场模型符合较好。

Accuracy: It is one of the important performance indexes for the sensors, an important one in relation to the accuracy of the whole measurement system.

精度：精度是传感器的一个重要的性能指标，它是关系到整个测量系统测量精度的一个重要环节。

Which can make the movement pair have optimal position accuracy and roughness of work piece?

导轨副用直线滑动导轨，运动灵活、精度高、为提高抗震性，采用阻尼块的结构，使运动副有最佳的定位精度和工作精度。

Based on this, a new WENO difference scheme which based on Dispersion-Relation-Preserving relation is developed, and representative test cases with this scheme for computational aeroacoustics problems has been implemented and compared in order to test capability of wave capturing; In addition, WENO schemes generally do not converge at high order in the presence of contact discontinuity of Euler equations, so a conservative front tracking technique coupling WENO schemes and Level Set method to simulate the translating density profile is presented here, and numerical simulation with this technique for representative test case has been implemented and results show the desired accuracy.

本文研究了高阶精度加权基本无振荡格式及其在双曲守恒律方程中的应用，在此基础上作了两个方面的工作：一是针对高频声波问题构造出一种基于保色散关系的WENO有限差分格式，并对计算气动声学问题的代表性算例进行了大量数值实验，比较了该格式捕捉波数的能力；另外，针对高阶WENO格式在处理Euler方程的接触间断时精度有所降低的问题，研究了利用界面追踪技术Level Set方法和高阶激波捕捉WENO格式相结合的一种守恒追踪方法，并且给出有代表性的密度滑移面问题的算例，得到一致高阶精度的数值模拟结果。

Making sufficient researchs on mult-data combined problem for cm-order precision geoid, it presents and validates schemes of geoid determination, including precision estimation, outwork optimized designment, model algorithm and evaluation of result quality.

较为系统地研究了影响厘米级大地水准面精度指标的多种大地测量数据融合问题，提出并初步验证了以精度估算、外业工程优化设计、模型算法与成果质量评估为一体的高精度大地水准面精化方案。

The theory of the system is combining formation of image and parallel white light projection. The system uses many edg measurement methods with subimage-element accuracy, and has many merits such as hige measurement accuracy, strong anti-interference function, intuitionistic measurement, convenient using and esay maintenance and so on. The repeatability of position measurement is below 0.1μm (0.05 pixel). EDG is used in practical machining of feedback stick, which is used in astronavigation industry.

在分析研究各种CCD工业检测技术基础上，研制了基于CCD和PC数字图像处理技术的反馈杆刚度检测系统，该系统采用成像法和平行白光投影法相结合的原理，综合运用了多种亚像素精度边缘检测方法，具有检测精度高、抗干扰能力强、检测直观、使用方便和易于维护等优点，其位置检测的重复精度可稳定在0.1μm（0.05像素）以内。

This paper introduces the basic principle of the calibration of pointing accuracy of electro-optic phototheodolite with the Star arc-length.

本文详细介绍了星体弧长法标定光电经纬仪指向精度的基本原理，对标定精度进行了分析，指出了影响其精度的因素，并对其应用到靶场的外场实时检测方法进行了探讨。

the digitized mapping technique is to combine the field data collection system with the computer assisted mapping system in surveys by computer technology.it aims to realize the information collected and processed digitally and automaticaity.the digitized mapping technique can cut short the working time,lighten the labor intensity and enhance the precision of the productions.the system consists of three parts,such as data input,data processing and data output.the survey-record digitized mapping technique is widely used in the digitized mapping working pattern.for its superiority over traditional plane-table mapping in accuracy and efficiency,the large scale digital mapping is becoming more and more popular.compared with traditional analogue mapping,digital mapping has more quality control pivotai points,and its contents and methods are more complex.with the appearance of new technology gps ,the coordinate of different levels controlling points may be surveyed in high precision and it has been applied widely in topographic survey.the operation process of gps electronic tachometer is introduced and its application in topographic survey is br

计算机应用论文，计算机论文， rtk ，全站仪，数字测图，地形测量， gps论文摘要：数字测图是在测量工作中利用电子计算机技术将野外数据采集系统与内业机助制图系统相结合，其目标是实现信息采集处理的数字化、自动化、信息化。数字测图可以缩短作业时间，减轻劳动强度，提高成果精度。数字测图系统主要由数据输入、数据处理和数据输出3部分组成，数字测图作业模式中测记式数字测图应用最为广泛。大比例尺数字测图正以其测图精度高，成图速度快等优势逐步的取代传统的，以平板仪为主的模拟测图。与传统的模拟测图相比，数字测图的质量控制关键点更多、内容与方法更为复杂。gps 新技术的出现，可以高精度并快速地测定各级控制点的坐标，在地形测量中已得到广泛地应用。本文介绍了gps 配合全站仪的作业流程，简要阐明了其在地形测量中的应用。在利用实测数据成图的过程中，解决一些常见的问题，并给出解决的办法及依据，同时给出一些有益的结论，以适应实际使用的需要。

In addition, the ICP algorithm provides the benefit of avoiding the need to interpolate the raw laser points, and evaluating the height as well as the planimetry offsets from overlapping laser strips. To evaluate the performance of the algorithm across different data quality level, two data sets are tested. The results reveal that the ICP algorithm can be used to both quantify the discrepancies from overlapping strips, and identify a solution regarding the correspondence problem.

使用两组经地面参考资料检验精度等级不同之扫描资料测试，结果显示，ICP不仅能作为重叠航带间之资料精度评估工具，同时也可以解决搜寻重叠航带间对应点之问题，而这个问题在评估重叠空载雷射航带间之精度及后续系统误差改正时，为非常重要的一项课题。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。