精度

The results show: Firstly, at degree 120, cumulative geoid height error is at the level of 17.616 cm with the adjusted accuracy of center of mass designed as 0 m, and errors come to 18.106 cm, 19.033 cm and 27.329 cm with the adjusted accuracy designed as 5×10-5 m, 1×10-4 m and 5×10-4 m, respectively.

结果表明：第一，在120阶处，当质心调整精度设计为0 m，恢复累计大地水准面精度为17.616 cm；当质心调整精度分别设计为5×10-5 m、1×10-4 m和5×10-4 m时，恢复精度各自降低至18.106 cm、19.033 cm和27.329 cm。

Several crite- rions are presented relying on all possible instances for third-order profile planning. Based on these criteria and dynamic constraints, fast and accurate algorithm of profile planning with time-optimality by preprocessing the entire profile as a whole is described. Ac- curacy losses in discrete time implementation are considered.

这类运动对精度和效率的要求极高，甚至要求纳米级精度，而轨迹规划是超精密运动的重点和难点之一，其轨迹规划精度直接决定了运动精度和性能，因此，与此相适应的快速精确的轨迹规划算法成为了现代超精密运动系统必须解决的问题，是提高竞争力的必要手段。

Seismic formation velocity is one of important parameters for formation pressure prediction ,its precision affect the accuracy of the pressure prediction defectively.

由于地震层速度是地层压力预测的重要参数，其精度直接影响着压力预测的精度，利用测井约束下的波阻抗反演方法将测井、地震和地质解释成果结合获取较高精度的地震层速度，达到提高地层压力预测精度的目的。

The topic in view of the existing technique level, the main factors, which influence the measurement precision of the large scale test system, are analyzed in this paper, and the solutions improving the precision are put forward.1 using the multi-channel independent AC to transfer DC module, the power supply of the digit part and the simulation part is discerption, reducing the crosstalk between the digital signal and the simulated signal;2The feedback self-checking module is constructed by singlechip compositive 16 high accuracy A/D , established a closed-loop control system through this module and improved system's overall precision effectively.

本课题针对现有的技术水平，分析了影响大型检测系统测量精度的主要因素，提出了提高精度的具体方案和办法：1采用了多路独立交流转直流模块，数字部分与模拟部分分开供电，减小了数字信号与模拟信号之间的串扰。2利用单片机集成的16位高精度A/D构建了反馈自检模块，通过该模块建立了一个闭环控制系统，有效地改善了系统的整体精度。

In the device, a four-post frame was adopted, two synchronously rotating grip holders were used to realize rigidity rotation of the specimen, and the axial movement of the upper grip holder implemented the tension/compression loading. Positioning accuracy in the axis, radial and circumferential directions were achieved by adopting many advanced and delicate technologies. Measurement on the device indicated that the actual positioning accuracy of the device was better than the kinematic positioning accuracy. Evaluation test on the system indicated that the spatial resolution is better than the pixel size without considering the noise.

该装置采用了四柱式框架结构，采用上下夹头同步转动实现试件相对于框架的刚性转动；上夹头作相对于框架的轴向运动实现对试件的加载；在加载和转动装置中采用了诸多高精技术，实现了试件高精度的轴向定位、径向定位和刚性角度定位；对装置的精度检测表明其实际的定位精度优于运动学定位精度要求；对系统的计量考评初步表明，系统不计噪声的空间分辨率优于X射线CCD的像素10.9μm。

Directed against the designed parallel welding head mechanism of IC chip pasting machine,the movement equation was established,the positive solution of motion equation was presented,and the positive and reverse solutions of velocity and acceleration were derived.

高速高精度IC芯片粘片机是IC芯片封装的主要设备之一，其粘片速度已超过10 000次/h，定位精度达微米级，而且粘片速度和定位精度有越来越高的趋势[1]，但目前国内外IC芯片粘片机的焊头机构都采用串联结构的形式，运动部件的惯量很大，不利于粘片速度和定位精度的提高。

This thesis focus on GPS application in magnetic suspension engineering:① the formulation of oblique cylindrical projection is worked out according to characteristics of long distance precise engineering and map projection theory. The author has developed an application to accomplish coordinate conversion from generally used coordinate systems to oblique Maglev Coordinates System.② considering not only project peculiarities but also position of control points, selection of initial points, connection type, selection of repeat baseline and ground observed quantities, GPS network is designed on electronic map and we may extract GPS network information by program developed using Visual Basic 6.0 while the results are stored in control point file and baseline vector file.③estimate accuracy of various GPS networks designed on electronic map by method of 2D restriction adjustment. GPS network simulation design and accuracy estimate come true.④Predominate the rules how connection type , repeat baseline and precise baseline of range finder influence GPS network precision through comparing accuracy of various GPS network. Thereby, the solution how to establish GPS network in long distance precise engineering is figured out.

本论文主要研究GPS技术在磁悬浮工程中的应用：①根据长距离精密工程的特点，从地图投影原理出发，推导出斜轴圆柱投影的应用公式，并编制计算软件，实现从常用坐标系统向斜轴磁悬浮坐标系统的转换计算；②在AutoCAD电子地图上，根据工程的需要，并充分考虑控制点的点位、起算点的选择、连接方式、重复基线的选择和地面观测量的选择等因素，在电子地图上进行GPS网的设计，根据Visual Basic 6.0语言编程，提取出GPS网资料，保存在控制点文件和基线向量文件中；③对在电子地图生成的各种类型的GPS网进行二维约束平差的精度估算，实现了GPS网的模拟设计与精度估算；④通过对各种控制网的精度比较，掌握连接方式、重复基线、精密测距仪基线对GPS网精度影响的规律，解决了长距离精密工程GPS网的建立方法。

The measurement accuracy of the photoelectric theodolite is decided based on measurement requirement of the ballistic trajectory. Two simple equations were derived mathematically, one expression for positioning error of the ballistic trajectory, angle error of the photoelectric theodolite, ranging error, target slant range and height when one instrument is used, another expression for positioning error of the ballistic trajectory, angel error of the photoelectric theodolite, target slant range and intersection angle when two symmetrical intersection instruments are used.

通过数学解析的方法，推导建立了2个简洁的公式：1）单站定位体制下弹道点位精度和光电经纬仪测角、测距精度以及目标斜距、高角之间的数学表达式；2）对称交会测量体制下弹道点位精度和光电经纬仪测角精度以及目标斜距、交会角之间的数学表达式。

A gear H62 which made in yellow brass with the same mode number m=0.34, 2mm thick and had a center hole, when the gap get C=0.5%t , and punched with compound punching die, and the dimension accuracy reached IT7, the part have a flat surface ,the verticality of tangent plane reached 89.5°, its roughness Ra magnitude are 12.5μm, height of burr are 0.10mm; and the punching part are punched with progressive die, the gap C=7%t , initial accuracy are IT11, and have an more rough surface, even can see the gap with eyes.

例如料厚t=1.5mm的H62黄铜冲裁件，选用C≤40%t单边Ⅰ类小间隙冲裁比选用C≤8%tⅢ类大间隙冲裁，冲件固定误差将加大40%～60%，精度至少降一级。此外，采有无搭边排样，冲件的误差要远大于有搭边排样冲件。无搭边排样冲件。无搭边排样冲件的精度低于IT12级，而多数有搭边排样的冲件精度在IT11～IT9级之间，料厚t＞4mm的冲件，尺寸精度会更低一些。

Firstly,the sampling design has great impact on the accuracy of remote sensing classification.There exists great randomicity on the result of points and cluster sample verification on the different Sampling design.On the same sampling design,the stability of point sample verification is higher than that of Cluster sample verification.Secondly,the average accuracy of different sampling designs of multi-point and multi-cluster sample verification can reflect the accuracy characteristic.During the course of point sample verification,stratified sampling's error is lower than others'.During the course of cluster sample verification,systematic sampling and stratified sampling's accuracy are prior to simple random sampling's.

研究结果表明：（1）抽样方式对遥感分类精度评价结果的影响是客观存在的，不同抽样方式下的点样本和群样本检验结果都存在一定的随机性，但同一种抽样方式下，点样本检验精度评估结果的波动幅度小于群样本检验，稳定性比群样本检验要好；（2）不同抽样方式下的多次点样本和群样本检验的平均精度检验结果基本上都能够反映分类图像的精度特征，其中，点样本检验中，分层随机抽样点样本检验效果较好；群样本检验中，系统抽样群样本检验和分层随机抽样群样本检验的效果优于简单随机抽样群样本检验。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。