精巢

Two silkworm cDNA libraries were constructed from testes and ovaries of the silkworm Bombyx mori, respectively.

分别以5龄幼虫的精巢和卵巢构建了2个家蚕cDNA文库。

SDH activity in testis was only 28.06U/mg prot, which was significantly lower than that in muscle (114.55U/mg prot) and in branchia (93.72U/mg prot), while it was too low to be detected in sperm.

研究发现，肌肉和鳃SDH酶活性较高，精巢SDH酶活性显著低于肌肉和鳃，而精子SDH酶活性则无法检测到。

Three methods, which were SDH activity, specific fluorescent probe（Rh123） and mitochondrial 16S rDNA gene amplification, were used to detect sperm mitochondria of Eriocheir sinensis, and three tissues——muscle, branchia and testis, were investigated as control.

以中华绒螫蟹肌肉、鳃和精巢为对照，从线粒体标志酶SDH活性、线粒体特异性荧光探针（Rh123）以及线粒体16S rDNA PCR扩增3个途径，探讨了该蟹精子线粒体的存在状况。

According to the results, we can find that female reproductive systemis made up of ovary, lateral oviduct, common oviduct, spermatotheca, accessory glandand genital chamber, which is typical polytrophic type. Then the male reproductivesystem consists of testes, vas deferens, vas efferens, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct,male accessory gland and pygostyle. Moreover accessory gland is fully developed,seminal vesicle is unclear, males testes and testicular follicle has degenerated before itflying, and the quantity of testicular follicle is different from the other kind of ants.

结果发现，拟黑多刺蚁的雌性生殖系统由卵巢、输卵管、中输卵管、受精囊、生殖腔和雌性附腺等结构组成，为典型的多滋式卵巢；雄性生殖系统由精巢、侧输精管、输精管、贮精囊、射精管、雄性附腺及阴茎等结构组成，雄性附腺发达，贮精囊不明显，婚飞前雄蚁的精巢及精巢小管已逐渐退化，精巢小管的数量与其它种类蚂蚁存在一定差别。

The results show:(1) In testis, PNA receptors sites were firstly observed in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane of primary spermatocyte, and greatly increased in the plasma membrane of second spermatocyte, then decreased and were accumulated in the tail of the round spermatid. The same reaction was observed in sperms of testis and spermatheca, which shows stronger reaction in head and weaker in tail. A universal dyeing was observed on the plasma membrane of sertoli cells.

结果表明：(1)在中华蚱蜢的精子发生中，PNA受体是由初级精母细胞合成，然后转移到膜上，在次级精母细胞，由于量的积累其质膜出现了强阳性标记；从早期精子细胞到成熟精子时期糖蛋白的分布发生了明显的修饰变化，这些变化与精子获得与卵子进行识别、粘附、结合等受精能力密切相关：受精囊内与精巢内的精子表面的标记是相同的，说明质膜糖蛋白的修饰作用在精巢内就已完成。

The results suggested that the roles of T in the differentiation and development of the spermatic cells were highly diverse.

结果表明，T在中国林蛙精巢内细胞的分化和发育过程中的作用具有高度可变性，T调控中国林蛙精巢的功能和发育。

As testicular structure is relatively complexity and originality, and there is conspicuous difference with outer morphous and interior structure for different fishes, so it has been focused by at home and abroad scholars.

由于鱼类精巢的结构比较复杂也比较原始，不同种鱼类其精巢的外部形态以及内部结构存在很大差异，所以受到国内外学者的普遍重视。

In addition to the ovary, aromatase immunoreactivities were also detected in the testis, indicating that estrogens may also play some kind of roles in testis of the grey mullet.

芳香化酶免疫活性除在鲻鱼卵巢中存在外，在精巢中也存在，提示雌激素在精巢的发育中也起某种的作用

Stage I of both male and female stone flounder appears only once in all its life, and the germ cells are comprised by spermatogonia or oogonia. The gonad from Mar to Aug keeps at stage II. The gonad index of testis at this stage is 0.037%, and the amount of spermatogonia is increased quickly. There is some linear germ plasm in the cytoplasm of spermatogina. In ovary at this stage it is mostly composed by oocyte of phase 2 which the character is the appearance of yolk nucleus, and no zona radiate in membrane. The mean GI of ovary is 1.95%. From Sep to Oct gonad is at stage III which testis is composed by lots of spermatogina and few spermatocytes, and the mean GI of testis at this stage is 0.086%. In ovary the ooctyes at phase 3 are in dominate position, the yolk nucleus disappear. And the GI of this stage is 3.35%. Both testis and ovary are at stage IV in Nov. hi testis the germ cells are in spermiogenesis, and the mean GI is 0.93%. hi ovary the oocytes are mostly at phase 4, which are filled in the cytoplasm with vitellin granule, and the zona radiate in membrane begins to formation. Nucleus moves to one side of the oocyte gradually. The mean GI of ovary at this stage is 9.37%.

在每年的3月-8月期间性腺处于Ⅱ期，此期精巢中精原细胞明显增多，胞质局部可见有线状的生殖质存在，平均成熟系数为0.037％；卵巢中以2时相卵母细胞为主，可见细胞质中出现强嗜碱性的卵黄核，细胞外由一层滤泡细胞包围，但尚无放射带，平均成熟系数为1.95％。9月-10月期间性腺处于Ⅲ期，此期精巢中仍有大量精原细胞，同时可见部分精母细胞，平均成熟系数为0.086％；卵巢中以3时石鲜孟加限加$玩印面n洲匆s性腺发生、分化及发育的周年变化相卵母细胞为主，细胞质中的卵黄核己消失，平均成熟系数为3.35%。11月性腺处于IV期，此期精巢内精细胞正处于不同的形成过程中，平均成熟系数为0.93%；卵巢中以4时相卵母细胞为主，胞质中充满染成桔红色的卵黄颗粒。

Aromatase protein and its mRNA were abundant in the forebrain, midbrain, spinal cord, wheel organ and Hatschek's pit, but not abundant in the hindbrain or early ovary and testis. No aromatase expression was detected in both irregularshaped cells and ciliated mucous cells in the Hatschek's pit or in the mature ovary and testis. Aromatase immunoreactive material was distributed in the cytoplasm with negative nuclei.

芳香化酶蛋白和转录物在前脑、中脑、脊髓、轮器和哈氏窝十分丰富，而后脑、早期卵巢和精巢不够丰富；没有芳香化酶表达的部位是哈氏窝另两种细胞(不规则形细胞和带纤毛粘液细胞)以及成熟卵巢和精巢；芳香化酶免疫活性物质分布在胞质，核为阴性。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。