精密的

Autocollimator is a kind of instrument for precise angle measuring, it is predominant in the field of multidimensional and non-contact measurement of tiny angle. It works with the principle of autocollimating and been used in a lot of fields, such as linearity and flatness of precise flat.

中文摘要自准直仪是一种精密角度测量仪器，在实现小角度的多维、非接触测量中具有独特的优点，它利用光学自准直成像的原理来实现在一定范围内测量物体的角度变化量，被广泛应用于导轨平台的直线度、精密平台的平面度等测量领域。

A theoretical model for calculating the cutting angle with different crystal planes, orientations and tool orthogonal rakes are described in this paper. It is built with the ultra-precision cutting model by the principle of the maximum specific energy of shear deformation and the mechanism of change of the shear modulus with...

本文利用剪切变形比能最大及单晶材料不同晶面晶向剪切弹性模量不同的原理，结合超精密切削模型，从理论上计算出不同晶面、不同晶向及不同刀具前角超精密切削条件下的剪切角，得到其在不同切削条件下的变化规律，并由此解释了切削加工中由KDP晶体各向异性所导致的工件表面粗糙度的各向异性。

Several crite- rions are presented relying on all possible instances for third-order profile planning. Based on these criteria and dynamic constraints, fast and accurate algorithm of profile planning with time-optimality by preprocessing the entire profile as a whole is described. Ac- curacy losses in discrete time implementation are considered.

这类运动对精度和效率的要求极高，甚至要求纳米级精度，而轨迹规划是超精密运动的重点和难点之一，其轨迹规划精度直接决定了运动精度和性能，因此，与此相适应的快速精确的轨迹规划算法成为了现代超精密运动系统必须解决的问题，是提高竞争力的必要手段。

Considering the problems of spurgear precise plastic forming, such as high deformation resistance, poor flowability and especial hardness to fill cant of gear, technological plan was developed based on precise plastic forming technique, successive control principle and consecutive local deformation theory. Moreover, structures of the rolling preform die and the die with up and down wellrounded forcer for stamping-extrusion and bulge-extrusion combining forming were designed too.

因此本文的主要研究内容和结果如下：本文以某种直齿轮：模数m＝2，齿数z＝20，压力角α＝200，变位系数x＝0为对象，针对直齿轮精密塑性成形变形抗力大，流动性差，特别是成形中齿轮角隅部分更加难以充满问题，基于精密塑性成形技术、逐次控制原理以及连续局部变形原理提出了"直齿轮滚轧制坯－镦挤、胀挤复合精成形"的工艺方案，设计了滚轧制坯的模具结构和上下冲头带圆角的镦挤、胀挤复合精成形的模具结构。

The electronic products have the most impactive power in Made-in-China industries, along with the integrated circuitused in the electronic products, the electronic products become smaller and have more functions. However, the connections between IC and IC are almost used the precision connectors——FFC and FPC. To some extent, the electronic product's final quality decided on the precision connectors'quality.

电子产品又是在中国制造中影响最大的一个产品类型，随着集成电路在电子产品的应用，电子产品的体积越来越小，功能越来越多，然而集成电路之间的链接几乎都是靠精密连接器FFC和FPC来进行连接，可以说，精密连接器的质量在一定程度上直接决定了电子产品的最终质量。

Our company is an accumulated 20 years of tungsten steel and precision molds professional experience in enterprise production, the company has all kinds of high-precision machining equipment and a number of outstanding professional and technical personnel, using the advanced technology, available upon request Production of high-precision, difficult tungsten steel stamping, drawing, and precision die cut wear-resistant ceramic pieces.

我公司是一家积累了20多年的钨钢及精密模具专业生产经验的企业，本公司拥有各类高精度的加工设备及一批优秀的专业技术人员、采用国内外先进的工艺技术，可根据要求生产高精度、高难度的钨钢冲压、拉深、剪切模具及精密陶瓷耐磨件。

Surface roughness and geometry topography have very obvious difference between ordinary and ultraprecision grindings. Surface roughness of ultrapreciscon grinding will decrease with abrasive size and grinding depth decrease, surface veining owing to plastic deformation is very clear.

超精密磨削和普通磨削的表面粗糙度和几何形貌存在明显的差异，超精密磨削的表面粗糙度随着金刚石砂轮磨粒尺寸和磨削深度的减小而减小，表面由于塑性变形形成的纹理比较明显。

We establish measurement twice on micro shift for testing superprism effect. And the "thin film gratings" measurement, which we adopt finally, has critically tunable monochroic system, collimated system and exact system for spot detection, realizing detect the micrometer-level shift of reflective and transmissive spots with high sensitivity and precision, and is useful for studies on dispersive device with high resolution.

为了更好地对超棱镜效应进行测试，本文先后两次搭建了微位移测试平台，尤其是最后采用的&光学薄膜光栅&超色散测试系统，采用精密可调的单色系统、小光束准直系统以及精密光斑位置检测系统，实现高灵敏度、高精度的反射光斑及透射光斑的位置检测，为超分辨色散器件的研究奠定了基础。

Laser trimming machine is an application of the laser trimming technique in electronic processing industry. It is a high technique equipment that utilizes interdisciplinary technologies such as optics, fine mechanics, computer control and fine measurement.

激光调阻机是激光刻蚀技术在电子加工工业中的一种应用，是集光学、精密机械、计算机控制和精密测量技术于一体的高技术的加工设备，主要用于厚薄膜电阻的微调加工。

We have a isothermal small precision forging production line, and production process will be isothermal precision near net shape forging technology for titanium machining. We also strive to lower material consumption, make material organization to become more uniform, dense!

我们拥有等温小型精密模锻的生产线及生产工艺，将等温精密模锻的净近成型技术用于钛的加工，力求材料消耗更低、材料的组织更加均匀、致密！

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。