精子的

Objective It was reported that rALR (rat augmenter of liver regeneration) distribute in most of tissue and organ of rat, no-tissue specility; mRNA expression of rALR was identified variedly in different tissue, strongest in testis. But nowadays there was not some study on ALR in rat testis. Here to confirm the expression and localization of ALR in infancy,adult and old rat testis,comparing the change of ALR expression degree before per 70 PH and after per 70 PH. In order to evaluate expression principle of ALR in rat testis and know if ALR has tight connection with spermatogenesis and development of testis, to explore the relation between ALR and reproduction, to discover the possible expression character and functional methods of ALR.

目的：文献报道rALR分布于各组织器官，无组织特异性，但其mRNA在各组织的表达强度有差异，在睾丸组织表达最强，目前对大鼠睾丸ALR表达尚无深入的研究；本实验研究不同年龄段大鼠睾丸组织中肝再生增强因子的表达水平、表达部位、以及表达的方式，进而探讨睾丸ALR与睾丸发育、精子生成以及生殖活动的关系；同时探究睾丸组织ALR表达是否参与了肝脏的再生过程中，进一步了解睾丸ALR表达的特性及作用方式。

Behavioral phenomena quantified by genetic markers in various species include patterns of multiple mating by both sexes; frequent cuckoldry by males and rare cuckoldry by females in nest-tending species; additional routes to surrogate parentage via nest piracy and egg-thievery; egg mimicry by nest-tending males; brood parasitism by helper males in cooperative breeders; clutch mixing in oral brooders; kinship in schooling fry of broadcast spawners; sperm storage by dams in female-pregnant species; and sex-role reversal, polyandry, and strong sexual selection on females in some male-pregnant species.

通过遗传标记测量不同种的行为现象涉及两性间的多种交配现象：趋穴型种类中雄性与多个雌性私通而雌性则较少交配；通过侵略巢穴和偷窃卵的行为进行偷梁换柱；通过趋穴型雄性鱼类进行卵的模拟；通过共同繁殖型中的雄性进行寄生抚育；通过混合在口孵育型鱼类的幼体间；广播种型产卵者鱼苗的亲缘关系；怀卵孵化型鱼类的精子储存；以及性逆转，一妻多夫，雄性怀卵抚育型种类雌性的强烈性选择。

Behaioral phenomena quantified by genetic markers in arious species include patterns of multiple mating by both sexes; frequent cuckoldry by males and rare cuckoldry by females in nest-tending species; additional routes to surrogate parentage ia nest piracy and egg-thieery; egg mimicry by nest-tending males; brood parasitism by helper males in cooperatie breeders; clutch mixing in oral brooders; kinship in schooling fry of broadcast spawners; sperm storage by dams in female-pregnant species; and sex-role reersal, polyandry, and strong sexual selection on females in some male-pregnant species.

通过遗传标记测量不同种的行为现象涉及两性间的多种交配现象：趋穴型种类中雄性与多个雌性私通而雌性则较少交配；通过侵略巢穴和偷窃卵的行为进行偷梁换柱；通过趋穴型雄性鱼类进行卵的模拟；通过共同繁殖型中的雄性进行寄生抚育；通过混合在口孵育型鱼类的幼体间；广播种型产卵者鱼苗的亲缘关系；怀卵孵化型鱼类的精子储存；以及性逆转，一妻多夫，雄性怀卵抚育型种类雌性的强烈性选择。

Peripheral plasma membrane proteins extracted from the spermatozoa from caput,corpus and cauda epididymis as well as vas deferens were probed with four lectins—Arachis hypogaea agglutinin、Canavalia ensiformis agglutinin、Dolichos biflorus agglutinin、Triticum vulgaris agglutinin.The results indicated that the 104 and 95kD AHA binding glycoproteins,and the 117、114、104、87、76、70kD ConA binding glycoproteins were synthesized and modified in the testis;the 120 and 65kD ConA binding glycoproteins,and the 54kD DBA binding glycoprotein were modified or lost during epididymal maturation;the 109kD ConA binding glycoprotein,the 74、70、45kD DBA binding glycoproteins,and the 57kD TVA binding glycoprotein were modified during epididymal maturation.

结果表明：与花生凝集素结合的104kD和95kD糖蛋白，与伴刀豆凝集素结合的117、114、104、87、76、70kD糖蛋白在睾丸中已完成了蛋白合成及修饰过程；与伴刀豆凝集素结合的120kD和65kD糖蛋白，与双花扁豆凝集素结合的54kD糖蛋白在精子附睾成熟过程中被修饰成其它种类的蛋白或被丢失；与伴刀豆凝集素结合的109kD糖蛋白，与双花扁豆凝集素结合的74、70、45kD糖蛋白，以及与麦胚凝集素结合的57kD糖蛋白是在附睾中完成其修饰过程的。

Results:Expression of elastase mRNA has been found in the endothelial cells,the medial smooth muscle cells and the adventitial fibroblasts of the abdominal aorta,the lymphocytes,monocytes in blood,the tracheal hyaline cartilaginous cells,the glandular cells of the pancreas,the epithelial cells of the parotid gland and submaxillary gland,the hepatoeytes,the endothelial cells of the liver sinusoid wall,the goblet cells of the mucous membrane of the small intestine,the cardiac myocytes,the renal interstitial fibroblasts,the alveolar epithelial cells,the cerebral glial cells,the fibroblasts of the dermis oorium of the skin,the primary spermaocytes,the secondary spermaocytes and sperm in the seminfferous tubule of the testis,the lymphocytes in the spleen and thymus.

结果正常大鼠腹主动脉的内皮细胞、中膜平滑肌细胞以及血管外膜成纤维细胞，血液细胞中的淋巴细胞、单核细胞，气管透明软骨细胞，胰腺的腺细胞、腮腺、颔下腺上皮细胞，肝细胞、肝窦壁的内皮细胞，小肠黏膜杯状细胞，心肌细胞，肾间质的纤维母细胞，肺泡上皮细胞，大脑胶质细胞，皮肤真皮纤维母细胞，睾丸曲精细管内的初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞以及精子，脾脏以及胸腺的淋巴细胞等，均有弹力蛋白酶mRNA的表达。

The results indicated that (1) the 147Pm, 141Ce and 147Nd had strong adsorptivity in soil, so they were hard to transfer and easily accumulated in soil or sediment;(2) all the organisms (5 aquaties and 4 eatable plants) tested showed apparent 147Pm concentrating capabilities;(3)the residues of 147Pm, 141Ce and 147Nd were unevenly distributed in the animal's viscera and tissues, higher residues were found in bone, marrow, eye, brain, heart, adipose and testis, showing selective accumulation;(4) with intraperitioneal dosing of Nd or Ce 200mg ·kg -1 apparent inhibition to gonadial hormone secretion in mice was found and with 200 and 800mg·-1 of Ce added in feed, the malformation rate of spematozoon showed higher.

综合研究结果表明： 14 7Pm、14 1Ce和14 7Nd在土壤中具有强的吸附性，而且难以迁移，易于在土壤和底泥中积累；( 2 )供试的 5种水生生物、4种陆生食用植物对14 7Pm均具有明显的富集性；( 3) 14 7Pm、14 1Ce、14 7Nd在动物体内脏器和组织间呈不均匀分布，在骨骼、骨髓、眼、大脑、心脏、脂肪和睾丸中残留量较高，表现了明显的选择性蓄积；( 4 )一次性腹腔注射2 0 0mg·kg-1的Ce和Nd对小鼠性腺激素的分泌有明显的抑制作用，以 2 0 0和80 0mg·-1的Ce随饲料摄入对雄性小鼠精子畸形率明显升高。

Twenty-four random primers were used to analyze the genomes of three descendant strains with steady hereditable variation produced form domesticated silkworm by artificial insemination with sperms of eri silkworm. The results show that in the RAPD patterns there are many amplified bands called" parental bands"which are similar to those of the female parent. At the same time, there appears varied amount of amplified bands called "variant bands" that are different from those of the female parent. The variant ...

采用24种随机引物，对以蓖麻蚕精子进行人工授精得到的家蚕后代中的3个稳定变异品系及其亲本的基因组进行了RAPD检测，结果显示，在变异品系的RAPD图谱中，不仅存在大量与母本相同的&亲本带&，同时还出现了不同数量与母本不同的&变异带&，包括&非亲本带&、&缺失带&及个别仅与父本相同的&目的带&，从分子水平上揭示了变异品系存在着明显的&偏母性&与&变异性&特点。

A kit for vaginal self-use by a female patient in protection against contracting viral infection and against conceptions as a result of normal heterosexual intercourse, said kit comprising a vaginal applicator comprising a vaginally insertable tubular member having a length of about five inches, and having an aperturable distal end adapted to be positioned adjacent to the patient's cervix when the applicator is fully inserted into the patient6's vagina, and at least one unit dose of the spermicidally and virucidally effective formulation of claim 1, said unit dose being form about 5-10 mls thereof.

一套女性患者阴道自用的工具，以防止感染病毒或因异性间正常性行为而受孕。该套工具包含一个阴道给药器（由一个长约5英寸、末端有孔眼、可插入阴道的管状构件构成，当给药器完全插入患者阴道后，构件的末端适合置于患者的宫颈附近），以及至少1个单位剂量（5-10毫升）的、能有效杀死精子和病菌的权利要求1中的配方。

We determined net male genetic effects on female and offspring fitness in a seed beetle and then tested whether fertilization success was biased in favor of high-quality male genotypes in double mating experiments.

研究人员惊奇地发现，当雌性豆象与2个雄性豆象交配的时候，那个&低品质&的雄性豆象的精子会比&高品质&豆象育出更多的后代（用仅交配一次后所产生的后代的数量来衡量）。

One of these "daughter" cells is a new sperm producing cell, whilst the other cell further divides to form two new cells, each with only one member of each chromosome pair. As the unfertilised egg also contains only one member of each chromosome pair, the act of fertilisation re-institutes an embryo with 46 chromosomes.

之一，这些&女儿&细胞是一种新的精子产生细胞，而其他细胞的进一步分裂，形成两个新的细胞，每个只有一个成员，每一个染色体的配对，由於unfertilised鸡蛋也只包含一个成员，每一个染色体的配对，该法的受精重新研究所胚胎与46染色体。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。