精子的

There is a type of immune infertility where the woman produces antibodies to her partner's sperm. It's a kind of isoimmunization. Another type of immuni infertility is autoimmunization where the man produces antibodies to his own sperm or the woman produces antibodies to her own ovum.

所谓精子的免疫，就是太太的免疫系统攻击先生的精子，这是属於同种免疫；当先生的免疫系统攻击自己的精子，或太太的免疫系统攻击自己的卵子，以上这两者就是属於自体免疫。

They existed as dosage-effect and time-effect. All of these results proved that Sertoli cell was the first target cell, spermatogenic cell was the second one and mitochondrion was the target. Otherwise, we proved this compound can disturb the development and growth of sperms, influence the activity and amount of sperms and increase the deformation ratio.

结合组织病理和性激素及酶活性的改变，揭示该化合物睾丸毒性的靶细胞是支持细胞，其次是生精细胞，作用的靶点是细胞内的线粒体，此外还证明该化合物干扰精子的生长和发育，影响精子的活力和数目，增加畸形率，是雄性精子畸变的诱导剂。

Objective: To evaluate the differential expression proteins between asthenospermic and normal human sperm.

目的：检测人类正常精子与弱精不育精子的差异表达蛋白质。

Genes important for male gametogenesis involved in highly con-served landmark events such as meiotic recombination, formation of the synaptonemal complex, sister chromatid cohesion, spermiogenesis during postmeiotic stages, and checkpoints and factors required for the meiotic cell cycle .

精子发生中的重要基因与一系列精子发生过程中阶段性的细胞事件密切相关，例如减数分裂重组、联会丝复合物的形成、姊妹染色体的结合、减数分裂后精子的变态以及减数分裂周期中的关键点和必需因子等。

"Spermatogenesis is a long and complex process controlled by multiple interacting mechanisms, and there is a general consensus on the need for FSH in the regulation of this process," write Carlo Foresta, MD, and colleagues from the University of Padova in Italy.

精子的生成是一个很长且很复杂的过程，它是由多种彼此作用的机制控制的，在这个过程中，一般都一直需要卵滤泡刺激素的作用，」意大利Padova大学的Carlo Foresta医师及其同事写道：「从睾丸细胞学分析的结果可以看到，采用100 IU剂量的重组人卵滤泡刺激素隔日使用，以刺激精子产生的过程，同时，还可以增加射出的精子的数目，并加强抑制素B的分泌。

Spontaneous germ cell death is very important for the removal of germ cells and control of the quantity and quality of sperm. But excessive germ cell death will lead to diminish spermatogenic function and decrease the quality and quantity of sperm. Excessive germ cell death triggered by various regulatory stimuli, including deprivation of gonadotropins and intratesticular testosterone or by estradiol treatment in rats via apoptosis.

生精细胞凋亡是哺乳动物精子发生过程中的一个显著特点，其生理性凋亡对于去除受损的生精细胞，控制细胞数量和保证精子的质量具有重要意义，但生精细胞的过度凋亡可引起生精功能低下，使精子的数量和质量降低。

These critical spermatozoal functions are acquired in the epididymis where a specific luminal environment is created by the blood-epididymal barrier; proteins secreted by epididymal principal cells bind to maturing spermatozoa and regulate the maturational process of the spermatozoa.

精子功能在附睾特殊的管腔环境中获得，这一环境是由血-附睾屏障来维护。附睾主细胞分泌的蛋白与精子结合并调控精子的成熟。附睾中细胞-细胞间的相互作用通过粘附连接和紧密连接形成。

To establish a mouse microinsemination model, Intracytoplasmic sperm injection and subzonal sperm injection were studied use mouse gamets.

我们用小鼠卵细胞胞质内精子注射和透明带下精子注射的方法，对显微授精过程进行了初步探讨，对配子的采集和准备、精子的优化及显微注射的操作等作了阐述。

PartⅠPilot study of cryoloop for vitrifying spermatozoa without cryoprotectants Objective Seeking for a suitable freezing carrier for testicular or epididymal sperm by discussing the feasibility of cryoloop for vitrifying spermatozoa without cryoprotectants.

第一部分精子冷冻环无保护剂玻璃化冷冻方法的实验研究目的通过探讨冷冻环无保护剂玻璃化冷冻微量精子的可行性，试图寻找一种适合于睾丸或附睾微量精子的冷冻方法。

Estrogen can promote the sperm motility in fertile men. The mechanism may be explained by the ［Ca2+］i increase and activation of adenylyl cyclase caused by the integration of estrogen with the membrane receptor on human sperm.

雌激素在体外可增强正常人精子的运动力，该效应可能是通过雌激素与人精子膜上雌激素受体结合后，升高精子胞内Ca2+的浓度以及激活腺苷酸环化酶而实现的。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。