精子的

Results The total aberrantion rate of chromosome is 26.7%(23/86);Compared the normal controls,in azoospermic patients,Serum FSH、LH levels increased,The rate of T/LH decreased.and there is a very significant difference(P%26lt;0.05);The resemble results is detected in different outcome in PESA.

结果摘要：86例无精子症患者中异常核型23例，占总例数26.7%；和正常对照组相比较，无精子症组血清FSH、LH升高，T/LH比值下降，差异有显著性(P%26lt；0.05)；PESA能抽吸到精子组比不能抽吸到精子组的FSH、LH偏高，T/LH下降(P%26lt；0.05)。

The pupae were exposed to 9 krad 60Co-γ rays for two days before emergence.The adults were dissected and many mature sperms could be seen in the male flies.There were no significant difference in the form,number and vigor of sperm between irradiatid and unirradiated male flies,but there were some abnormal ultrastructurail changes in the sperm of irradiated male flies such as the appearence of vacuoles in nutrient cells,disarrangement of sperms,variation of the number of chondriosome derivates,axonemes ction of formation and abnormal cell division of sperm cells.

用9krad辐照羽化前2天的蛹，成虫羽化后解剖观察，雄虫已有大量成熟精子，精子形态、数量和活力与未经辐照处理的雄虫无显著差异，但其超微结构则发生了某些异常变化，如营养细胞出现空泡、精子排列零乱、线粒体衍生体和轴丝增多或减少、构型被破坏、精子细胞分裂异常等。

The results show:(1) In testis, PNA receptors sites were firstly observed in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane of primary spermatocyte, and greatly increased in the plasma membrane of second spermatocyte, then decreased and were accumulated in the tail of the round spermatid. The same reaction was observed in sperms of testis and spermatheca, which shows stronger reaction in head and weaker in tail. A universal dyeing was observed on the plasma membrane of sertoli cells.

结果表明：(1)在中华蚱蜢的精子发生中，PNA受体是由初级精母细胞合成，然后转移到膜上，在次级精母细胞，由于量的积累其质膜出现了强阳性标记；从早期精子细胞到成熟精子时期糖蛋白的分布发生了明显的修饰变化，这些变化与精子获得与卵子进行识别、粘附、结合等受精能力密切相关：受精囊内与精巢内的精子表面的标记是相同的，说明质膜糖蛋白的修饰作用在精巢内就已完成。

These data suggested that the centrin isoforms played different roles in different stages of spermatogenesis. The centrin-1 gene was revealed to be relevant to the centriolar translocation to the posterior pole of cell and the elaboration of flagellum during spermiogenesis, while the centrin-2 and centrin-3 might play roles in spermatogonial mitosis but were not involved in the spermatid differentiation process.

这些结果提示，Centrin同源基因在精子发生的不同阶段发挥不同功能，其中Centrin-1与精子细胞分化期的中心体后移、鞭毛的生成及精子中轴形成可能密切相关，Centrin-2和-3则可能在精原细胞有丝分裂中起作用，而与精子细胞变态分化无关。

Results The micronuclear rate in medium dosage group and high dosage group were significantly higher than that of control group(P＜0.01). The ratio of sperm malformation in middle group and high group were higher than those of controls (P＜0.01).The ratio of sperm malformation increased in dose-dependent manner with dose, a dose-response relationship was found. Conclusion The DBP contamination presents the positive results under the certain dosage to the mouse marrow micronucleus experiment and the spermatozoon abnormal experiment.

结果 中、高剂量组微核率与阴性对照组相比明显升高(P＜0.05)，且各剂量组微核率随染毒浓度的增加而升高，呈现剂量-反应关系(r=0.937，P＜0.01)；中、高剂量组精子畸形率与阴性对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)，且各剂量组精子畸形率随染毒浓度的增加而升高，呈剂量-反应关系(r=0.904，P＜0.01)，畸形精子中以无钩为最多，其次是香蕉形、尾折叠、双头，分别为4.5%、3.09%和1.32%，结论 DBP染毒在一定剂量下对小鼠骨髓微核试验和精子畸形试验呈现阳性结果。

The microkemel and sperm cell abnomalities were analyzed. Results The micronuclear rate in medium dosage group and high dosage group were significantly higher than that of control group(P＜0.01). The ratio of sperm malformation in middle group and high group were higher than those of controls (P＜0.01).The ratio of sperm malformation increased in dose-dependent manner with dose, a dose-response relationship was found. Conclusion The DBP contamination presents the positive results under the certain dosage to the mouse marrow micronucleus experiment and the spermatozoon abnormal experiment.

结果 中、高剂量组微核率与阴性对照组相比明显升高(P＜0.05)，且各剂量组微核率随染毒浓度的增加而升高，呈现剂量-反应关系(r=0.937，P＜0.01)；中、高剂量组精子畸形率与阴性对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)，且各剂量组精子畸形率随染毒浓度的增加而升高，呈剂量-反应关系(r=0.904，P＜0.01)，畸形精子中以无钩为最多，其次是香蕉形、尾折叠、双头，分别为4.5%、3.09%和1.32%，结论 DBP染毒在一定剂量下对小鼠骨髓微核试验和精子畸形试验呈现阳性结果。

The testis index, testis volumes were same as the annual changes of testis mass. The curves of annual variation were all unimodality.2 The spermatogenetic cycle of Myospalax cansus comprises seven stages with significant features: Stage I , from February to April, the testis were at the stage of spermatogonia proliferation. In this period, testis index and the number of spermatogonia began to rise. Other spermatogenic cells had not yet formed; Stage II to III, from March to April, primary spermatocyte meiosis period. The testis index was highest in this stage, and spermatogenic cells were in spermatocyte stage, the primary spermatocyte meiosis generated to secondary spermatocyte; Stage IV, from April to May, spermatocytes continued to split, germ cells appeared in seminiferous tubules; Stage V, in May, sperm formation, spermatids of seminiferous tubules were transformed to spermatozoa, a large number of sperms existed in the lumen; Stage VI, spermatozoa emission period, from May to June, testis index were a significant drop and mature spermatozoa excluded gradually; VII, the testicular activity ceased basically from July to September, November to January of the following year, the spermatogenic activity ceased completely. Therefore, Myospalax cansus are animals of seasonal reproduction, spermatogenesis cycle is discontinuous type.

睾丸系数、体积和重量的年周期变化规律一致，变化曲线呈现单峰型。2甘肃鼢鼠雄性生殖腺的年周期活动由7个特征明显的时期构成：Ⅰ期，2～3月份，精原细胞增殖期，睾丸系数开始上升，精原细胞进行有丝分裂，其他生精细胞尚未形成；3～4月份为Ⅱ～Ⅲ期，初级精母细胞成熟分裂期，睾丸系数达到最大，生精细胞大多处于精母细胞阶段，初级精母细胞减数分裂生成次级精母细胞；Ⅳ期，4～5月份精母细胞继续进行分裂，精细胞在生精小管内出现；Ⅴ期，5月份，精子形成期，曲细精管中精细胞变态成精子，在管腔中存在大量的精子；Ⅵ期，精子排放期，5～6月份，睾丸系数显著下降，成熟精子从生精小管上脱离，逐渐排除；Ⅶ期，精原细胞停滞期，7～9月份睾丸生精活动基本停滞，11～翌年1月，生精活动完全停止。

Each male ratwas paired with 2 female rats in proestrus when administration terminated. Femalerats were examined the next morning for the presence of sperm in vaginal smears andunderwent a cesarean section on day 13 of gestation. Then the reproductive indiceswere calculated as follows: copulation index, pregnancy index, and fertility index,which can evaluate male fertility directly. The sperm motility and morphology wereevaluated by computer-assisted sperm analysis, moreover, the caudaepididymal sperm ultramicrostructure were analyzed by transmission electronmicroscope, which can evaluate the influence on sperm maturation bydutasteride ; sperm survival rate was assessed by SYBR-14 and propidium iodidefluorescent staining; serumal dihydrotestosterone and testosterone of ratswere detected by enzyme-labeled immunoassay, which can evaluate the effecton androgenic levels; the weights of testes and epididymides, were determined byprecise electronic balance; histological examination of above tissues were evaluatedby HE staining and TEM, which can evaluate treatment on histology of reproductiveorgans by dutasteride.

给药结束后雄鼠与处于动情前期的雌鼠按2：1合笼，计算雌鼠的交配指数、受孕指数和生育指数，直接评价雄鼠生育力；采用计算机辅助精子分析系统分析大鼠附睾精子活力和形态，在此基础上合并使用透射电镜技术对各组附睾尾部精子进行透射电镜分析，评价度他雄胺对大鼠精子成熟的影响；采用SYBR-14和propidium iodide双重荧光染色计算精子存活率；采用Elisa法测定大鼠睾酮(testosterone， T)和双氢睾酮(dihydrotestosterone， DHT)血清浓度，评价度他雄胺对雄鼠雄激素水平的影响；采用精密电子天平对各组睾丸、附睾、前列腺和精囊进行称重，评价度他雄胺对大鼠生殖器官重量的影响；采用HE染色法对各组睾丸和附睾进行组织学分析，同时采用透射电镜技术对附睾上皮细胞超微结构进行分析，评价度他雄胺对大鼠主要生殖器官组织学的影响。

The experiment was designed according to randomed block design. The factors of time were 5. 15 and 30 minuthe. The factors of electric field were 100.300. 600 and 900kV/m. The result showed that sheep spennatosoa could be activated byHVSEF. Suitable strength of HVSEF could eVidently improve the surival rate of sheepspermatozoa. The hot effed was obtained from the 600kV/m and 15Inin group.

能提高绵羊精液品质，表现在适当剂量的高压静电场能显著地提高绵羊精子存活率，其中以600kV／m剂量处理效果最佳。100kV／m和300kV／m剂量对精子刺激不足，而900kV／m剂量则对精子刺激过强，导致部分精子损伤和死亡，同样达不到预期的效果。

In conclusions,(1) The pronuclear formation was asynchronous after ICSI in buffalo, the female pronuclear formed 3 hours earlier than male pronuclei;(2) After ICSI and activation, Culture of oocytes in 1.9mmol/L 6-DMAP for 3 hours can improve their subsequent embryonic development;(3) Treatment of sperm with 5mmol/L DTT can promote sperm decondensation;(4) Dead sperms can be used for ICSI in buffaloes;(5) Treatment of sperm with GSH can improve the efficiency of ICSI in buffaloes.

以上结果表明：(1)水牛精子胞质内显微受精的雌、雄原核发育不同步，雌原核比雄原核早3h形成；(2)水牛卵母细胞ICSI和激活后用1.9mmol／L 6-DMAP培养处理3h能提高其胚胎发育率；(3)DTT预处理水牛精子能提高其ICSI后的精子解聚率；(4)死精子能用于水牛卵母细胞的ICSI；(5)GSH预处理水牛精子有助于提高其ICSI后的囊胚发育率。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。