粘膜

Results All bladder stone were fragmented with the ballistic Swiss Lithoclast,The intraoperative hemorrhage was90-230ml with an average of140ml.The operation time was100-160min.One month lat-er,the IPSS score was14and the maximum urine flow rate was16.8ml.s.

结果 所有患者均一次性治疗成功，除碎石时膀胱粘膜有散在充血、水肿外，无膀胱穿孔发生，未见结石复发及尿失禁和尿道狭窄等并发症。

The most common grade 3 to 4 adverse events were radiation mucositis, radiation dermatitis, lymphopenia, and neutropenia.

最常见的3至4级不良事件为放射性粘膜炎、放射性皮炎、淋巴细胞减少症和中性粒细胞减少症。

In addition to identification of the following diseases:(1) pyloric spasm (2) pre-pyloric valve (3) gastric torsion (4) achalasia cardia (5), duodenal obstruction (6) annular pancreas (7) superior mesenteric artery integrated Levy (8) gastric mucosal prolapse (9) congenital short esophagus (10) esophago-tracheal fistula (11) with congenital malrotation.

此外要与下列疾病相鉴别：(1)幽门痉挛(2)幽门前瓣膜(3)胃扭转(4)贲门弛缓(5)十二指肠梗阻(6)环状胰腺(7)肠系膜上动脉综合征(8)胃粘膜脱垂(9)先天性短食道(10)食管气管瘘(11)先天性肠旋转不良。

Flatten uroflow curves were seen in all patients with marked meatal stenosis. A bell-shaped flow curve was obtained in most patients after urethroplasty using oral mucosa graft combined with a local flap. The peak flow was within the normal range. The flow curve was obviously flat in patients with urethral stricture. The maximum flow rate was low and the voiding time prolonged apparently.

尿流率曲线低平的患者，均伴有明显的尿道外口狭窄；口腔粘膜片移植与局部皮瓣耦合再造尿道修复尿道下裂的患者，多数恢复了接近正常的钟形尿流率曲线，最大尿流率在正常范围：尿道下裂术后尿道狭窄的患者排尿曲线明显低平，最大尿流率降低，排尿时间延长。

We concluded that uroflowmetry was a simple, non-invasive procedure which provided an objective evaluation of the uroflow in hypospadias. Urethral stricture after urethroplasty could be diagnosed with uroflowmetry. The low flow rate in congenital hypospadias was mainly due to meatal stenosis. Oral mucosa graft combined with a local flap for hypospadias repair provided satisfactory functional results.

我们推论：尿流率测定评价尿道下裂患者排尿功能，方法简便，准确可靠，对尿道下裂术后尿道狭窄具有诊断意义；先天性尿道下裂患者尿流率曲线多数呈平台形，最大尿流率降低，其主要原因为尿道外口狭窄；口腔粘膜片移植与局部皮瓣耦合组建尿道修复尿道下裂功能性效果良好。

Corrosion gastrointestinal mucosa, resulting in vomiting, diarrhea, melena, abdominal pain and symptoms of gastroenteritis, or even the development of gastrointestinal bleeding, acute intestinal necrosis and intestinal perforation and peritonitis occur and so on.

铁中毒可直接腐蚀胃肠粘膜，以致出现呕吐、腹泻、黑便、腹痛和胃肠炎等症状，甚至可以发展为消化道出血、急性肠坏死并发生肠穿孔和腹膜炎等情况。

The cells are found in between epithelial cells, at the bottom of epithelial cell, between glandular epithelial cells, a few in the epithelium basal portion and membrana propria.

嗜银细胞多分布与消化道粘膜上皮细胞之间或腺泡上皮之间，有时可见于上皮基部和固有膜内。

However, none of these therapies can manage this complication perfectly. Different from complete ureteral avulsion, when mucosal avulsion happens, the ureteral muscular layer and membrana externa remain their continuity.

这些方法基本遵循了输尿管全层撕脱、断裂或部分缺损的处理原则，而忽视了输尿管粘膜剥脱时，肌层和外膜尚保持着良好的连续性这一现象。

Results Before cryosurgery, the mucous epithelia were squamous metaplastic.

结果 冷冻前鼻粘膜上皮呈不同程度的鳞状化生和增厚。

Of these methods of mucosal ablation, PDT is superior for achieing ablation of metaplastic and dysplastic epithelium as well as for obiating the need for further interentions.

在粘膜消融的这些措施中，PDT更优，它不仅可以避免进一步干预的需要，还可以消融化生和发育不良的内皮。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。