粘细菌

Of farmland soil, 51 of rotted bark or grasses, and several extreme samples containing alkaline soil from Chenghai Lake, mud from the bottom of ocean, Antarctic soil, and mud or sand from Chinese coasts.

一、溶纤维素粘细菌的分布和分离我们对几种类型的环境样品，包括13个农田土样、51个树皮或草样和若干极端环境——碱性程海湖土样、海底淤泥、南极土样和沿海泥沙样中的溶纤维素粘细菌进行了分布研究和菌株分离。

Through study on ecological diversity of myxobacteria in some areas of Hebei, Yunnan, and the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, more than 150 strains of 10 genera ( Archangium, Myxococcus, Cystobacter, Corallococcus, Melittangium, Sorangium, Polyangium, Chondromyces, Angiococcus and Stigmatella ) of Myxococcales were isolated from 42 samples, including some special strains that have never been described before.

通过对河北、云南、青藏高原不同地区的粘细菌进行生态多样性研究，从 42个样品中分离得到了 10个属(Archangium、Myxococcus、Cystobacter、Corallococcus、Melittangium、Sorangium、Polyangium、Chondromyces、An giococcus、Stigmatella)的 15 0余株粘细菌，其中包括一些尚未有描述的菌株，有待鉴定。

Distribution and isolation of cellulolytic myxobacteriaWe assayed distribution of and isolated cellulolytic myxobacteria of several environmental types of samples, i.e.

为了更深入地研究和开发溶纤维素粘细菌资源，本文在溶纤维素群粘细菌的分离纯化、生态分布、系统分子分类、降解纤维素机制进行了初步探索。

The soil and bark samples collected from Yunnan, Hebei and Shanxi provinces of China, and also from Vietnam, were used as the materials in this experiment. And dung pellets of rabbits or goats that had been autoclaved can be used to induce many kinds of fruiting bodies of the Myxobacteria in different colors, sizes, and shapes. We isolated and purified Myxobacteria strains with the improved method which was found by our laboratory.

本实验以采集自越南以及我国的云南、河北、陕西各地的土样和各种树皮、腐木作为实验材料，利用兔、羊粪球和滤纸作为基质诱导出多种颜色丰富、形态多样的粘细菌子实体，采用本实验室摸索出的较为有效的纯化粘细菌的方法，在实验器材上用24孔细胞培养板代替传统的平皿，有效地缩短了粘细菌的纯化周期，提高了分离纯化的效率。

Now, I mainly engaged in myxobacterial genomic and bioinformatics analysis work. Myxobacteria is a single-cell microorganisms, but they act as multi-cell behavior (such as feeding, social movement, cells congregating and fruiting body formation, and so on) and own a wealth of secondary metabolites Product, those remarkable characteristics make myxobacteria important in the research fields of prokaryotes cell differentiation and development, biological evolution, as well as the drug development and research.

现主要从事粘球菌基因组与生物信息学分析方面的研究工作：粘细菌是单细胞微生物，然而却具有多细胞行为（如摄食、社会性运动、细胞聚集和子实体形成等）和丰富的次级代谢产物，这些行为特征使粘细菌在原核生物的细胞分化发育、生物进化以及药物开发研究中占有重要地位。

Recently, phylogenetic analyses indicated the presence of bacterial phylotypes which are closely related to myxobacteria. Many reports on myxobacteria from marine environments have appeared by microbiologists.

然而随着研究的深入，人们利用分子生物学手段从许多海洋环境样品中检测到了粘细菌的存在并分离获得了多株海洋粘细菌。

The characteristic in liquid culture of the purified strains were described, and the relation between the characteristic and the taxonomic traits was researched for the first time. The two groups of Myxobacteria differentiated according to the shape character of the myxospores and vegetative cells had different characteristic in liquid culture.

对纯化菌株的液体培养特征进行了描述，并首次依据初步分类鉴定结果探索了液体特征与分类地位之间的关系，即依据营养细胞和粘孢子形态将粘细菌划分成的两大类型中，第一类型(包括粘球菌属等7个属)的菌株在液体培养基中通常形成片状或絮状，而第二类型(包括单囊菌属等5个属)的菌株则主要呈现球形。

The myxobacteria have a life cycle that is dominated by social behavior. During vegetative growth, cells prey on other bacteria in large groups by gliding motility. When faced with starvation, cells form a macroscopic fruiting body containing thousands of resting myxospores.

粘细菌运动、发育相关基因的克隆及分析粘细菌以具有复杂的多细胞社会学行为著称，它们能够在营养丰富的条件下在固体表面上滑行运动；又能在饥饿的条件下聚集形成子实体结构以及抗逆性的粘孢子。

Myxobacteria have by far the largest prokaryotic genome and the most abundant secondary metabolites gene clusters. Our Myxobacteria genomics projects will help us understand their value in-depth.

粘细菌具有迄今为止最大的原核生物基因组、最丰富的生物活性次级代谢产物基因群，相关基因组计划的启动与实施将为我们深入研究生物进化、阐明粘细菌分化发育及其社会学行为、开发重要功能基因起到重要的推动作用。

Primary study concluded that crude extracts of strain CS211 are natural products with antibiotic activity against Bacillus cereus,Sarcina Lutea,Bacillus subitilis,and Staphylococcus aureus.

国内有关粘细菌生物活性物质的研究报道很少。本文对中国西南地区土壤中种类丰富的粘细菌进行分离和纯化，得到一株紫褐色粘细菌CS262和一株粉红色粘细菌CS211。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失