粘性的

There are series of papers studying the solvability of an incompressible, viscous, instationary fluid contained in a domian bounded entirely by a free surface. In 1977, Solonnikov proved its local solvability in a Holder space for any initial date but without surface tension. In 1984, he considered the same problem in a Sobolev space with surface tension being taken into account. In I992, Mogilevskii and Solonnikov treated the same problem in a Holder space, where the coefficient of surface tension is not a constant. There are also short-time existence results for the solvability of an incompressible, vicous, unsteady fluid bounded above by a free surface and below by a fixed bottom which approach horizontal planes at infinity. In 1981, Beale proved its local solvability in a Sobolev space for any initial date but without surface tension. In 1983, Allain were concerned with the same problem in R〓 with surface tension but under the assumption that the initial fluid domain was near a horizontal strip. In 1987, he obtained the same result without the preceding assumption. In 1996, Tani solved the same problem in R with surface tension. For the solvability of an incompressible viscous instationary fluid in Ω R bounded inside by a free surface S and outside by a rotating boundary S, in 1995 Ciuperca proved its local existence in a Sobolev space for any initial date but without surface tension. In this paper, we consider the same problem with surface tension.

对于边界完全是由自由边界组成的有界区域中粘性不可压流体的非定常运动问题，Solonnikcv于1977年在忽略表面张力情况下证明了初值问题小时间解在Holder空间的存在性，于1984年在有表面张力情况下证明了初值问题问题小时间解在Sobolev空间的存在性，Mogilevskii和Solonnikov于1992年在表面张力系数可以不是常数情况下证明了初值问题小时间解在Holder空间的存在性；对于上面是自由边界、下面是固定边界且两边界在无限处趋于水平的无限区域中粘性不可压流体的非定常运动问题，Beale于1981年在忽略表面张力情况下证明了初值问题小时间解在Sobolev空间的存在性，Allain于1983年在有表面张力情况下证明了R中初值问题小时间解在Sobolev空间的存在性，但其中假定初始区域近似是个水平条，他于1987年去掉了这个假定得到同样的结果，Tani于1996年在有表面张力情况下证明了R中初值问题小时间解在Sobolev空间的存在性；对于R中内面是自由边界、外面是旋转边界S的有界区域中粘性不可压流体的非定常运动问题，Ciuperca于1995年在忽略表面张力情况下证明了初值问题小时间解在Sobolev空间的存在性，本文考虑了在有表面张力情况下初值问题可解性问题。

Numerical simulations were carried out to study the effect of reversible work and viscous dissipation on the heat transfer characteristics of compressible fluid flow in microtubes.

利用数值方法讨论了压力功和粘性耗散对微细光滑管内可压缩流动换热特性的影响，得出以下结论：微细管内 Ec沿管长是变化的，仅依据入口处的 Ec对压力功及粘性耗散的作用进行取舍是不确切的；等热流及等壁温换热条件下的计算结果显示，在入口 Ma及长径比较大时，考虑压力功及粘性耗散时得出的 N u要小于常规尺度管的理论值，在等壁温情况下，甚至出现了热流方向发生变化的情况

Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of a Hilbert space H, P:H→C be a nearest point projection, and T:C→H be a nonexpansive mapping satisfying the weakly inwardness condition, and :C→C be a fixed contractive mapping. Let the implicit iterative sequences {x},{y} and the explicit iterative sequences {x},{y}.

设C为实Hilbert空间H的非空闭凸子集，P：H→C为最近点投影映射，T：C→H为非扩张映象，且T满足弱内向条件，：C→C为压缩映象。t∈(0，l)，定义了2种隐式粘性迭代序列{x}，{y}和2种显式粘性迭代序列{x}，{y}，证明了T有不动点当且仅当序列{x}，{y}，{x}，{y}有界。

The effect of Reynolds number on rudder hydrodynamic performance is also analyzed. Up to the stall angle the computed lift and drag agree well with measurements and other author's calculations, whereas stall angle, lift and drag beyond the stall angle are slightly under-predicted. The solver is used to investigate laminar and turbulent separated flows around a 6: 1 prolate spheroid at high incidence angles and their effects on hydrodynamic forces. The second separation flows are successfully identified in both laminar and turbulent flow simulations.

应用所开发的求解器，以6：1长椭球体为算例计算了回转体在大攻角下定常斜航运动时的三维粘性流场及水动力，对层流流动和湍流流动分别进行了计算，分析了层流与湍流分离流动和涡旋产生的特点及其对水动力的影响；计算结果与他人的试验和计算数据比较，吻合程度良好，表明应用本求解器能够正确模拟这种以层流／湍流分离流为主的复杂粘性流动，得到相当精确的水动力，检验和验证了该求解器精确模拟回转体在大攻角下的粘性分离流动和计算水动力的能力。

The solver is used to investigate laminar and turbulent separated flows around a 6:1 prolate spheroid at high incidence angles and their effects on hydrodynamic forces. The second separation flows are successfully identified in both laminar and turbulent flow simulations. The computations are shown to agree well with available experimental and numerical data and the physics of 3D large-scale flow separations and vortex shedding are confirmed.

应用所开发的求解器，以6：1长椭球体为算例计算了回转体在大攻角下定常斜航运动时的三维粘性流场及水动力，对层流流动和湍流流动分别进行了计算，分析了层流与湍流分离流动和涡旋产生的特点及其对水动力的影响；计算结果与他人的试验和计算数据比较，吻合程度良好，表明应用本求解器能够正确模拟这种以层流/湍流分离流为主的复杂粘性流动，得到相当精确的水动力，检验和验证了该求解器精确模拟回转体在大攻角下的粘性分离流动和计算水动力的能力。

Chapter one briefly introduces the development, structure and principle of viscous coupling, and its application on automobiles.

第一章简要介绍了粘性联轴器的发展状况、结构和工作原理，以及在汽车上的应用状况，我国对四轮驱动汽车上应用的粘性联轴器的研究还是空白，本文的研究旨在讨论粘性联轴器的转矩特性及其影响参数，以期为设计汽车传动系提供指导。

Different kinds of flocculants have different capabilities. The flocculants produced by Aspergillus parasiticus is not steady for heat. The flocculating effect is best at acid conditions, and it is not acute for Ca〓. The flocculant can decolorize soluble dyestuff, even the active gorgeous red X-3B which is difficult to be decolorized, the decolor rate is 62. 1%. The flocculant produced by A-9 is steady for heat. It can flocculate Gaolin suspension well without synergistic effects of CaCl〓, and the dose is only 0.05ml/L. The obvious character of A-9's medium cultured for 3days is very viscosity, and viscosity is a mark for microorganism producing microbial flocculants.

不同的微生物絮凝剂具有不同的性能，寄生曲霉产生的絮凝剂对热不稳定，在酸性条件下絮凝效果好，对Ca〓不敏感，该絮凝剂对可溶性染料具有良好的脱色性能，即使是最难脱色的活性艳红X-3B，脱色率也达到62.1％。A-9产生的絮凝剂对热稳定，絮凝高岭土悬浮液时用量小，仅为0.05ml/L，且不需添加CaCl〓等助凝剂，明显优于其它微生物絮凝剂。A-9菌株培养3天的培养液的明显特征是粘性高，试验发现培养液的粘性与微生物絮凝剂性能有较好的对应关系，因此培养液的粘性可以作为微生物产生絮凝剂的重要标志。

These tests show that: 1. suction decreases with the increase of the water saturation in the chalk; 2. stress variants proposed are available for describing the stress state of the unsaturated chalk; 3. preconsolidation pressure increases with suction, while the effects of suction on the compressibility coefficients λ and κ are not evident; 4. as usual unsaturated soils, the permeability to oil of chalk increases with the suction; 5. yield strength of the chalk behaves with volumetric strain hardening; 6. cohesive behaviour of the chalk is related to the stress level, and relation between time-dependent deformation and logt is linear; 7. cohesion of the chalk decreases with the increase of the suction, while the elastic stiffness and the cohesion coefficient increase; 8. strength and elastic modulus increase with the strain rate, while the strain at the peak strength decreases with the increase of the strain rate.

试验结果表明，白垩中的虹吸力随水饱和度的降低而提高；吸力、水饱和度和强度的变化过程均与时间有关；可用由理论分析得到的应力状态变量描述非饱和白垩的平衡状态；前期固结压力随吸力增加而提高，而压缩指数λ与κ则同吸力无关；应力大于前期固结压力时，粘性变形与时间的对数关系曲线呈线性关系，其大小和增长速率均随吸力减小而增大，可视为白垩弹性刚度降低和粘性系数增大的结果；前期固结压力和变形模量随着应变速率的提高而提高，压缩指数κ和λ则随应变速率的提高而减小；应变速率较低时，粘性和吸力对前期固结压力及压缩指数的影响较小；白垩中油的渗透性随着吸力增加而提高；白垩在屈服阶段具有明显的体积应变硬化特性。

The moving boundary condition, arc-length inters transformation and linear interpolation method is used to control the density of the grids near the surface of the ship hull and within the computational domain.

计算表明，研究船舶作操纵运动时的水动力，考虑粘性边界层与不考虑粘性边界层的水动力计算结果有明显的差别，说明粘性对作操纵运动船舶水动力的影响比较明显。

Regarding a viscous normal shock wave in a high-pressure metal as a continuous profile, this paper points out that any little perturbation shock is stable under any Reynolds number, and material viscosity is a stabilized factor.

本文中针对平面正激波，认为高压金属中的粘性激波的物理量是连续变化的，利用线性稳定性理论，用数值解推论出：在有粘性条件下小扰动激波都是稳定的，物质粘性是致稳的因素。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失