粘性流

It shows that the model has a good agreement for single-supply alluvial experiment.

结果表明，粘性泥石流结构二相流模型对于一次来流堆积情况的模拟符合较好。

During the calculation the results got by quintic spline kernel was the best so it was chosen as the proper kernel for the SPH simulation. By comparison of the simulation results got by SPH and finite volume method, it was proved that the buffer cells method proposed in the SPH simulation to implement the Dirichlet boundary conditions was accurate, and this is of great importance for the simulation of flows pass a pipe. At last, the SPH method was improved to simulate the liquid-solid two phase flows and the results show that this method was appropriate for the simulation of flows containing viscous fluid and macroscopic solid components. Now the two methods are both able to predict the continuum flows and rarefied flows severally, but the hybrid program still has some aspects to be improved.

首先用标准算例验证了SPH方法的理论模型和计算程序的准确性；通过比较确定选用五次样条核作为计算低雷诺数下的粘性连续流动时的核函数；采用SPH方法和有限体积法分别对同一管道流动进行了对比计算，证明了本文提出的边界缓冲区方法在实现SPH方法中的流体边界条件时的有效性，解决了SPH方法模拟管道流动时的一个关键问题；巧妙地使用SPH方法对化工分离流动中常见的固液两相流及固液耦合作用进行了模拟尝试，获得了较好的结果；在跨尺度计算方面，目前两个子程序已经能够分别模拟连续的和稀薄的二维管流问题，二者的耦合计算程序还处于调试和优化阶段，各个参数对于计算精度和计算速度的影响规律仍在探索中。

By using Flash software produced a number of fluid flow in the animation, including the viscous flow in vivo experiments indicate friction, rotation speed Dengjiao containers of liquids in relative balance, the system and control of, weak disturbance in the transmission space - Mach cone, the disturbance wave Dissemination process, bypassing the wings of the two-dimensional flows, ease converter and blast crisis and stagnation flow indicate parameters and critical parameters such as the concept that a number of animation, produced by sports meeting between the animation, shape meeting between animation, masking animation and time Axis to achieve those effects the flow of fluid animation, and by adding these buttons used to control the flow of fluid animation, and so will the speed of the fluid flow in a clear show up.

本文利用Flash软件制作了流体若干流动现象的动画，包括粘性流体内摩擦实验示意、等角速旋转容器中液体的相对平衡、系统与控制体、微弱扰动在空间的传播——马赫锥、扰动波传播过程、绕过机翼的二维流动、缓变流与急变流示意以及滞止参数和临界参数的概念说明等若干动画，通过制作运动补间动画、形状补间动画、遮罩动画和时间轴特效来实现这些流体流动的动画效果，并通过添加按钮用于控制这些流体流动的动画的速度等将上述流体流动现象清晰的展示出来。

This paper describes how to use Flash production of viscous flow in vivo experiments indicate friction, rotation speed Dengjiao containers of liquids in relative balance, the system and control of, weak disturbance in the transmission space - Mach cone, the disturbance wave propagation process, bypassing the wings The two-dimensional flows, ease converter and blast crisis and stagnation flow indicate parameters and a number of critical parameters, such as animation.

本文介绍了如何运用Flash制作粘性流体内摩擦实验示意、等角速旋转容器中液体的相对平衡、系统与控制体、微弱扰动在空间的传播——马赫锥、扰动波传播过程、绕过机翼的二维流动、缓变流与急变流示意以及滞止参数和临界参数等若干动画。

This paper describes how to use Flash production of viscous flow in vivo experiments indicate friction, rotation speed Dengjiao containers of liquids in relative balance, the system and control of, weak disturbance in the transmission space - Mach cone, the disturbance wave propagation process, bypassing the wings The two-dimensional flows, ease converter and blast crisis and stagnation flow indicate parameters and critical parameters such as the concept that a number of animation, produced by sports meeting between the animation, shape meeting between animation, masking effects animation and timeline to achieve these fluid flow The animation, and by adding these buttons used to control the flow of fluid animation speed.

本文介绍了如何运用Flash制作粘性流体内摩擦实验示意、等角速旋转容器中液体的相对平衡、系统与控制体、微弱扰动在空间的传播——马赫锥、扰动波传播过程、绕过机翼的二维流动、缓变流与急变流示意以及滞止参数和临界参数的概念说明等若干动画，通过制作运动补间动画、形状补间动画、遮罩动画和时间轴特效来实现这些流体流动的动画效果，并通过添加按钮用于控制这些流体流动的动画的速度。

By a series field observation data, an empirical equation of mean velocity of viscous debris flow was got. The velocity calculated by the asymmetric coefficients, bottom slope and hydraulic radius of flow. It is good at both high resistance and low resistance area of debris flows. It is good consistent for the measuring velocity of otherwise field observation data of debris flow and viscous mudflow by this empirical equation.

由一系列野外观测资料得到的由泥石流不均匀系数、泥石流运动底部纵比降和水力半径计算的粘性泥石流运动平均速度经验公式，能适应各种类型的泥石流沟，与其它系列的观测资料对比有很好的一致性，与粘性泥流的观测资料对比也很接近。

Basing on the exploring of the functions of cohesion force and friction force during rheology course and the assumptin that viscosity lost according viscosic strain, a constitutive model for viscous, elastic and plastic rock is set up,which can simulate the third course of creep.Then the impact of transcient damage to rheology is discussed and corresponding creep model for rock is proposed.

在探导岩石颗粒间粘聚力和颗粒间摩擦力在岩石发生流变过程中的作用基础上假设粘性失效按流变应变统计概率分布，建立了岩石粘弹塑性本构关系，能够描述岩石蠕变加速阶段特征；讨论了瞬时损伤对岩石流变的影响和相应的损伤蠕变模型建模问题。

Because the gas viscidity is smaller than the liquid viscidity and air is compressible, so in the same conditions, the tangental velocity and vorticity magnitude of gas is greater than liquid.

由于气体的粘性比液体的粘性小及气体的可压缩性，所以相同条件下，气流场的切向速度和旋涡强度都比液流场的强。

Considering the characters of the viscoidal turbulent flow over high-speed train,the computing model of the outer fiow field for high-speed train has beenestablished based on the incompressible fluid Navier-StOkes epuation and theturbulent model of ke two equations. The equation set of the flow field problemvia finite element methods has been set up.

根据高速列车粘性紊态绕流的特点，在较少简化的条件下以Navier-Stokes方程和κ-ε两方程紊流模型为基础，建立了高速列车外流场的计算模型，在近壁区域采用壁面函数修正紊流模型。

In order to describe in detail the structure of mesoscale atmosphere circulation and its evolution, symmetry theory are extensively used in the past fifty years. A large number of wind tunnel and water tank experiments are practiced to reshow the physical process that often appear in the atmosphere and, to some extent, successfully explain many atmsophere circulation characters in surface layer. But because of the planetary reflection and small Re number deformation, these physical experiments can' t represent real conditions of the atmosphere, they also can' t distinct viscous boundary layer separation and non-viscous dynamical separation as well as show the circulation response to surface diurnal heating.

为了详细描述复杂地形区域大气中尺度环流的结构和特征，过去50年来人们广泛采用相似理论，利用风洞和水槽实验再现大气中的物理过程，并在一定程度上成功地给出了大气近地层的一些环流特征，然而由于边界层反射和小Re数形变作用的影响，物理实验的结果并不能真实地再现大气中的实际状况，尤其是不能正确区别边界粘性分离流场和大气非粘性动力分离气流，环流场对地形下垫面日周期热强迫的响应过程也难以再现。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐