粗糙法

In the electrodeposited zinc from the sulphate baths containing a small amount Pb2+ions, the effect of Pb2+ on the texture, the morphology, the lightness, the gloss, the surface roughness, the friction factor and the black tarnish resistance of zinc deposits were investigated.

作者中文名：卢燕平；屈祖玉；卢琳；金艳明摘要：研究了用电镀法从含微量铅的硫酸盐镀液中获得的镀锌层，以及铅对其织构和结晶形态，镀层表面明度、光泽度、粗糙度、摩擦因数和抗黑变性能的影响。

Using the relative reflection as weighting factor, the weighted mean of the surface albedo over Dunhuang Gobi in typical arid region is calculated and its values are 0.255 ± 0.021. After canceling the interference of the buildings, the mean values of the roughness length averaged with logarithm is 0.0019 ± 0.00071 m. After removing the influence of the oasis, the soil wetness factor computed with data under condition of no precipitation is 0.0045. After removing the influence of the precipitation .the mean values of the soil heat capacity over Dunhuang Gobi in typical ac-id region is 112 × 10 ~6 m~(-3)K~(-1), a bit smaller than the values observed i n HEIFE. But the soil heat diffusivity and conductivity are about one of those observed in HEIFE. The soil water content over Dunhuang Gobi in typical synoptic condition is very little and does not exceed 1% basically.

并且利用相对反射为权重加权平均，计算得到典型干旱区敦煌荒漠戈壁的平均反射率为0.255±0.021；剔除建筑物干扰后，利用对数平均法计算的粗糙度长度平均值为0，0019±0.00071 m；剔除绿洲影响后，用无降水影响的资料确定出土壤湿度影响因子为0.0045；剔除降水影响后，用观测资料计算的敦煌典型干旱区荒漠戈壁的热容量平均值为1.12×10~6m~（－3）K~（－1），比&黑河试验&在戈壁和在其它沙漠观测的有关值略小一些，但热扩散率和热传导率都比&黑河试验&在戈壁观测的值小一倍左右；观测的敦煌戈壁典型天气条件下的土壤含水量非常小，基本上不超过1％。

The results show that values of 1n computed with the D8 algorithm are more discrete and have rougher pattern than those computed with the MFD algorithm, and the mean values of 1n with D8 algorithm are slightly higher than those with the MFD algorithm.

结果表明：与多流向法相比，D8方法的计算值较为离散，分布曲线较粗糙，平均值略高，方差和偏态系数也较大；但是，两种方法计算的1n的分布曲线大致相似。

The results show that values of ln computed with the D8 algorithm are more discrete and have rougher pattern than those computed with the MFD algorithm, and the mean values of ln with D8 algorithm are slightly higher than those with the MFD algorithm.

结果表明：与多流向法相比，D8方法的计算值较为离散，分布曲线较粗糙，平均值略高，方差和偏态系数也较大；但是，两种方法计算的ln 的分布曲线大致相似。

The interaction of electromagnetic wave with fractal surface is computed. Statistic Kirchhoff solution is found analytically and experimentally.

研究了粗糙表面的电磁散射特性，用基尔霍夫近似法计算了散射系数，得到了散射能量的角分布。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。