粗糙法

In order to improve the objectivity of green degree evaluation for manufacturing process of accouterment part,base on the characteristic of the green manufactureing of accouterment part and the request of evaluation for green manufacture a rough comprehensive method base on rough-set theory is proposed to evaluate the green degree.

为提高产品零件制造工艺绿色度评价的客观性，根据军品零件绿色制造的特点和绿色制造评价的要求，应用粗糙集原理，提出了粗糙集综合绿色度评价法。

The mutual coherence and angular correlation function of scattered wave from two dimensional rough surfaces is derived with Integral Equation Model and then calculated for perfectly conducting rough surfaces, then the scattering of incident pulse wave with different shape is calculated and the shape of scattered pulse is presented.

采用积分方程法推导出了二维粗糙面的双频互相关和角相关函数，数值计算了具有不同粗糙度的良导体粗糙面的双频互相关函数，在此基础上分别计算了二维粗糙面对δ脉冲、Gaussian脉冲和矩形脉冲的散射，并给出了散射脉冲的波形。

The results indicate that as the value of fractal dimension is increased, the interfacial static friction coefficient first increases and then decreases; the interfacial static friction coefficient decreases as the fractal roughness parameter increases; while the inter-facial static friction coefficient increases as the material property or total normal load increases; the curve of static friction coefficient versus dimensionless total normal load is convex when the fractal dimension becomes smaller or fractal roughness parameter is larger or material property becomes smaller.

研究结果表明：界面的静摩擦因数首先随分形维数的增加而增加，然后随分形维数的增加而减小；界面的静摩擦因数随分形粗糙度参数的增加而减小，但随材料特性的增加而增加，也随总法向载荷的增加而增加；当分形维数较小或分形粗糙度参数较大或材料特性较小时，静摩擦因数－量纲一的总法向载荷曲线为凸弧。

Based on rough set theory, research in this paper mainly focuses on mining rules from decision system.Based on the research of the basic concepts of rough set, we deeply analysis and discuss the approximation set algorithm, equivalence class algorithm, core algorithm, attribute reduction algorithm, rules extract algorithm etc.

本文首先对数据挖掘和知识发现作一概述，并论述了粗糙集理论的重要概念及其度量，基于这些概念和度量，具体分析了粗糙集理论的近似集算法、核算法、属性约简算法、规则提取算法，给出了它们的算法分析以及具体实现步骤。

However, the emissivity is affected by many factors, such as roughness. Simulation results for surfaces with different roughnesses are compared. It is found that the effects of roughness on the bidirectional reflectance distribution function and normal emissivity are significant.

在实际应用中，物体的发射率受到很多因素的影响，粗糙度就是其中之一，通过比较不同粗糙表面的计算结果，发现粗糙度对二向反射分布函数和法向发射率的影响不可忽略。

Based on the above results, the problems of the electromagnetic interaction between a perfect conducting plate and 1-D/2-D conducting slightly random rough surface and the problems of the electromagnetic interaction between a dielectric spherical particle and dielectric slightly random rough surface are investigated. By using the reciprocity theorem, Small Perturbation Method and Physical Optics approximation, the solution for the composite scattering field from the composite target is derived and evaluated, and the numerical results are discussed and analyzed.

在此基础上，用互易性原理分别研究了一维、二维导体微粗糙面与其上方金属导体平板目标的复合电磁散射及介质粗糙面与其上方球形粒子的复合电磁散射，结合互易性原理和粗糙面散射微扰法及物理光学近似导出了复合散射场的计算公式并进行了数值计算，对计算结果进行了讨论和分析。

In this paper, the principle and hardware of test system are designed and the step motor's control software is designed at the same time. The assessing methods of linearity errors are analyzed and the test methods of linearity, diameter and roughness are provided and the corresponding softwares are programmed with VB. At last, the test method of roughness without touch-light scattering is proposed.

论文对检测系统的原理及硬件电路进行了设计，同时对步进电机的控制软件进行了详细的设计；对直线度误差的评定方法进行了分析，分别给出了炮膛内径的直线度、直径及阴阳膛表面粗糙度的测量方法，并用VB 编写了相应的控制软件，最后提出了一种炮膛粗糙度非接触测量法—光散射法。

The optical characteristic value Sn is used to evalute intensity distribution of light scattering according to statistical point of view. Using novel semiconductor laser, fiber collimation technique and etc, laser scattering surface roughometer has been developed.

从几何光学和物理光学的观点出发，分析了光散射法测量表面粗糙度的机理，所建立的镜面模型和衍射模型说明包括中心反射光斑和其两翼散射光光能分布和表面粗糙度之间存在着定量的关系；从概率统计出发，确立以光学散射特征值Sn来作为恒量粗糙表面散射光带光能分布的依据。

Based on geometrical and physics optics, the principle of light scattering method to measure surface roughness was analyzed. The mirror and diffraction model were set up which show there is a quantitatively corresponding relationship between light's intensity distribution of reflected flare—light scattered band and surface roughness parameters.

作者通过对光学非接触表面粗糙度、微位移测量单元技术进行分析，确定以结构简单、测量速度快的光散射法测量表面粗糙度；以光散射法测量表面粗糙度和光学三角法测量微位移这两种不同工作原理和功能的光电传感器作为集成对象，使二者实现相同光源、相同光路、相同光敏接收器的光电传感器集成。

Inner surface images of PS and PAMS micro-shells were obtained with PSI method.The results are consistent with the measured results by atomic force microscope.The measurement error is analyzed by studying the influence of thickness fluctuation of micro-she...

以微球壳层对超光滑碳化硅及单晶硅片表面形貌的调制作用为研究对象，讨论了微球的外表面粗糙度以及微球壁厚对内表面粗糙度测量结果的影响，确定了相移干涉法测量微球内表面粗糙度的不确定度，实验结果表明：对于表面粗糙度小于30 nm、厚度小于9μm的微球，测量不确定度小于0.4 nm。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失