粗糙度

The wind tunnel test results show that surface soil velocity and wind erosion modulus in the farmland under plow tillage are larger than that under no-tillage with standing crop stubble, while surface roughness under plow tillage is smaller than that under no-tillage with standing crop stubble.

风洞试验研究表明：翻耕土壤地表风速、土壤风蚀侵蚀率均比免耕土壤高，而地表粗糙度免耕明显高于翻耕。

The fabricated FAP showed better results than the thermal-curable FAP (3M pad) at polishing efficiency and surface roughness and self-conditioning.

金属制品业地图显示更好的效果比热固化地图（ 3米跳板），在抛光效率和表面粗糙度和自我调理。

The results showed that under the same polishing parameters, the particle size exerted an important influence on MRR and surface quality during unfixed-abrasive polishing, but played a less role during fixed-abrasive polishing. A fine surface roughness of R 1.5 nm was achieved by using diamond fixed-abrasive pad, and the function of self-conditioning was well realized.

结果表明：在相同的抛光工艺参数下，磨粒粒径在游离磨料抛光中对材料去除率和抛光后表面质量作用显著，而在固结磨料抛光中作用不显著；采用金刚石固结磨料抛光垫抛光能获得表面粗糙度约为R1.5 nm的良好表面质量，并在抛光过程中较好地实现了自修整功能。

This offers greater ability to absorb the surface roughness typical of off road routes because the wheel withdraws lengthways without affecting the steering and the antisquat angle has been increased.

这提供了更大的能力来吸收表面粗糙度典型的越野路线的，因为这轮退出，而不会影响转向和antisquat角度纵向有所增加。

This 2×2 switch utilizes four collimators arranged 90° to each other on a common plane, and use an ultra thin mirror as the reflector whose thickness is less than 1.8μm and roughness 5.721nm to allow double-sided reflection.

在2×2光开关方面，设计上采四根光准直器呈90°相互垂直排列在同一平面上，以微机电技术制作出超薄双面反射镜当作光讯号反射元件，厚度： 1.8μm，表面粗糙度： 5.721nm。

Using the relative reflection as weighting factor, the weighted mean of the surface albedo over Dunhuang Gobi in typical arid region is calculated and its values are 0.255 ± 0.021. After canceling the interference of the buildings, the mean values of the roughness length averaged with logarithm is 0.0019 ± 0.00071 m. After removing the influence of the oasis, the soil wetness factor computed with data under condition of no precipitation is 0.0045. After removing the influence of the precipitation .the mean values of the soil heat capacity over Dunhuang Gobi in typical ac-id region is 112 × 10 ~6 m~(-3)K~(-1), a bit smaller than the values observed i n HEIFE. But the soil heat diffusivity and conductivity are about one of those observed in HEIFE. The soil water content over Dunhuang Gobi in typical synoptic condition is very little and does not exceed 1% basically.

并且利用相对反射为权重加权平均，计算得到典型干旱区敦煌荒漠戈壁的平均反射率为0.255±0.021；剔除建筑物干扰后，利用对数平均法计算的粗糙度长度平均值为0，0019±0.00071 m；剔除绿洲影响后，用无降水影响的资料确定出土壤湿度影响因子为0.0045；剔除降水影响后，用观测资料计算的敦煌典型干旱区荒漠戈壁的热容量平均值为1.12×10~6m~（－3）K~（－1），比&黑河试验&在戈壁和在其它沙漠观测的有关值略小一些，但热扩散率和热传导率都比&黑河试验&在戈壁观测的值小一倍左右；观测的敦煌戈壁典型天气条件下的土壤含水量非常小，基本上不超过1％。

By simulating the natural conditions and building up a database of backscattering coefficient and emissivities using IEM model, it is found that when ratio of rms height and correlation length is in some certain range, the ratio of backscattering coefficient to reflectivity is linear or polynomial with surface roughness.

分析所建立的数据库后，得出在0.2＜均方根高度＜1.7，均方根坡度＜0.2和2.0＜均方根高度＜4.0，0.2＜均方根坡度＜0.4两种情况下后向散射系数与反射率之比与土中国科学院遥感应用研究所博卜学位论文壤粗糙度的关系。

For the powder having burn out process, the densification of the films is higher under carrier gases Ar,O2,N2. The surface roughness also increases with increasing gas flux.

初始粉末经烧除后镀制之厚膜结构，以Ar，O2或N2携带气体下最为致密，且膜厚及表面形态差异并不大，可发现较为平整之膜面，但随著流量的提升，表面的粗糙度则会增大。

It is show that all of the depositionalparameter can affect surface morphologies and roughness of ZnO surface.

结果显示，各种沉积条件都可以影响ZnO薄膜的表面形貌，引起粗糙度的变化。

The second shortcoming taken into account, such nomenclatures as the real critical contact area, minimum effective fractal dimension, dimensionless maximum effective fractal roughness parameter and minimum effective material property were presented.

针对第2个缺陷，提出了实际临界接触面积、最小有效分形维数、量纲一的最大有效分形粗糙度参数、最小有效材料特性等术语。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。