粗糙度

The morphology of obtained deposits were analyzed by means of scanning electronic microscopy. Compared with nickel-cobalt deposits,nickel-cobalt-tungsten carbide composite deposits have refined grain size and increased surface roughness.

通过扫描电镜对镀层形貌进行分析，结果发现，与镍钴合金相比，由于碳化钨粒子的加入，复合镀层晶粒细化，表面粗糙度较大。

Using Remington's wheel-rail interaction model, vibration characteristic of the rail and the wheel is calculated which is caused by roughness.

利用Remington建立的轮轨接触模型，计算了粗糙度谱激励下钢轨和车轮的振动响应特性。

The SEM analysis shows the nano-size roughness on the plasma treated or chemical surface modified wool scales.Wenzel equation and Cassie and Baxter equation are used to illustrate the relationship between surface roughness and contact angle,then to reveal the reasons why surface modifications are able to impart an improved water repellence and oil repellence and stain resistance to wool.

SEM研究结果表明，经低温等离子体表面改性或特定化学改性后的羊毛鳞片表面呈现纳米尺度的沟槽和凹凸结构，应用Wenzel公式和Cassie and Baxter公式阐述了表面粗糙度与接触角的关系，揭示了羊毛表面改性对于提高拒水拒油整理效果的原因所在。

The model was designed with 1: 4 scale, strips width of protection tillage and tradition farming are uniform, to analyze the construction characteristics of the wind velocity flows, the wind velocity lowering rate compared with the wind velocity of farmland and aerodynamic roughness along lengthways of strips under the different experiment wind velocity, diverse width of strip, dissimilar residual stubble density and residual stubble height term.

模型比例尺取1：4，保护性耕作带带宽和裸露带带宽相等，分析不同实验风速、不同带宽、不同作物残茬密度及不同作物残茬高度情况下，风速流场特征、沿带纵向对应裸地风速降低率状况和空气动力学粗糙度。

A predictive model was built by the method of Response Surface Methodology and verified by experiments.

运用反应曲面法建立了硬态切削表面粗糙度预测模型，通过试验验证了预测模型的准确性。

It is found that water velocity vertical distribution under ice-cover is influenced mainly by the relative size of channel roughness and ice-cover roughness, less by the water depth and not sensitive to the variation of Reynold number as well, which is relatively uniform in the flow core and deviates from the logarithmic law.

结果表明：冰盖下水流流速垂向分布主要受床面与冰盖粗糙度的相对大小影响，受水深影响较小，对雷诺数变化并不敏感；在流动核心部分分布较为均匀，并不遵循对数分布规律。

The results indicate that, rolling with lubrication can reduce friction and improve production efficiency. The surface roughness and quality of aluminum after rolling are also decreased at same time.

结果显示轧制润滑可以减小摩擦，提高生产效率；同时又使得轧后铝板表面粗糙度降低，表面质量明显改善。

The surface morphology was studied by the AFM also.Though the average size of grain and the RMS(root-mean-square) value of the two samples is diffe-rent,comparing sample A with B, the result shows that sample A is more smooth.

通过原子力显微镜，对生长在两种衬底上薄膜的表面形貌做了观察，其晶粒的大小与表面粗糙度有一定的差别，表明二者都是以柱状形式生长的。

By using the KDMRF-1000F MRF polishing machine and KDMRW-1 water based MR fluid,one K4 flat work piece (80 mm in diameter) and one K9 sphere work piece (145 mm in diameter) were polished,experiments show that work piece one has a peak-to-valley value of 55.3 nm and a root-mean-square value of 5.5 nm;and work piece two has a PV value of 40.5 nm and a RMS of 5 nm,which indicates that the surface roughnesses of two work pieces have been improved obviously.

实验显示，样件一面形收敛到PV值55.3 nm，RMS值5.5 nm；样件二面形收敛到PV值40.5 nm，RMS值5 nm；样件的表面粗糙度均有显著改善。结果表明，磁流变修形技术具有高精度、高效率、高表面质量的特点。

The surface morphology and root-mean-square roughness had been characterized by atomic force microscopy.

结果表明，随着工作气压的升高，膜层的结构变疏松，薄膜的折射率和均方根粗糙度都随之减小。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。