粗糙

In the sense of cutset, the relation between the rough set of a cutset and the cutset of a rough set, a fuzzy rough set of a fuzzy primary ideal in a semigroup is proved to be its fuzzy primary ideal. The sixed chapter is Rough Primary Ideals and Rough Fuzzy Primary Ideals in rings, the corresponding results of a semigroup are generalized in a ring. The last chapter is Rough-fuzzy Subsemirings in Semirings, First, the lower and upper rough-fuzzy semirings together with the left and the right ideal are defined.

利用截集意义下，截集的粗糙集与粗糙集截集的关系，证明了在完备同余关系下半群中的模糊准素理想的粗糙集是模糊准素理想；第六章是环中粗准素理想和粗模糊准素理想，将半群中的相(来源：A70BC论文网www.abclunwen.com)应结果推广到环中；第七章是半环中的粗模糊子半环，首先，给出上粗模糊子半环及上粗模糊理想等概念，并研究了它们的性质。

Based on the analysis of existed fuzzy integral theories, the notions of the Choquet upper and lower fuzzy integral and rough interval numbers' integral form were proposed; the rough properties of Choquet fuzzy integral and an information fusion method based on rough Choquet fuzzy integral were given.

在分析现有模糊积分理论的基础上，提出了Choquet上、下模糊积分的概念和粗糙区间数的积分形式，给出了Choquet模糊积分的粗糙特性，建立了基于粗糙Choquet模糊积分形式和信息融合方法。

However, the emissivity is affected by many factors, such as roughness. Simulation results for surfaces with different roughnesses are compared. It is found that the effects of roughness on the bidirectional reflectance distribution function and normal emissivity are significant.

在实际应用中，物体的发射率受到很多因素的影响，粗糙度就是其中之一，通过比较不同粗糙表面的计算结果，发现粗糙度对二向反射分布函数和法向发射率的影响不可忽略。

Finally, some properties of rough set in quotient group are given and proved. The fourth chapter is the Roughness of Ring based on Ideal, a rough subring with respect to a ideal of a ring is discussed, and some properties of the lower and the upper approximations in a ring are studied.

最后，在商群中讨论了粗糙集的一些性质，并给出这些结论的严格证明；第四章是基于理想的环的粗糙，对一个环的子集关于理想的粗糙近似子环作了探讨，并研究了一个环的上、下近似的性质。

Based on the above results, the problems of the electromagnetic interaction between a perfect conducting plate and 1-D/2-D conducting slightly random rough surface and the problems of the electromagnetic interaction between a dielectric spherical particle and dielectric slightly random rough surface are investigated. By using the reciprocity theorem, Small Perturbation Method and Physical Optics approximation, the solution for the composite scattering field from the composite target is derived and evaluated, and the numerical results are discussed and analyzed.

在此基础上，用互易性原理分别研究了一维、二维导体微粗糙面与其上方金属导体平板目标的复合电磁散射及介质粗糙面与其上方球形粒子的复合电磁散射，结合互易性原理和粗糙面散射微扰法及物理光学近似导出了复合散射场的计算公式并进行了数值计算，对计算结果进行了讨论和分析。

According to the rough structure and algebra structure, the main work is to study the application of rough set theory on algebra system-groups and rings in this thesis. So that rough algebra system is built better perfectly.

本文根据粗糙结构和代数结构，研究了粗糙集理论在代数系统——群、环上的应用，以此建立比较完善的粗糙代数系统。

The precision lapping technology to machine the copper substrate using semi-fixed abrasive plate was studied. The surface roughness and material removal rate as the evaluation of indicators, the influences of the different lapping parameters on the surface roughness and material removal rate were discussed and analyzed. Experimental results indicated that the copper substrate could be efficiently machined by semi-fixed abrasive plate of 800(superscript #) SiC abrasive, and the initial roughness Ra of a machined surface could be improved from 0.553μm to 0.28μm in 10min, produced an ideal rarely scratch surface. Then processed copper polished by diamonded grinding paste, it could be satisfied for the Ni-Pd-P alloy thin film growth.

主要研究半固着磨具精密研磨非晶态Ni-Pd-P合金薄膜铜片衬底，以铜片衬底的表面粗糙度和材料去除率为评价指标，探讨了研磨过程中不同的工艺参数对铜片表面粗糙度和材料去除率的影响结果表明：用800 SiC半固着磨具对铜片衬底进行研磨加工，10min后铜片表面粗糙度Ra可由0553μm减小到0.28μm，同时表面无深划痕：加工后的铜片再经金刚石研磨膏抛光可快速获得满足Ni-Pd-P合金薄膜生长用的铜片衬底表面。

The notion of weak fuzzy similarity relations,a generalization of fuzzy similarity relations,is used to represent indiscernibility of elements.

为此提出用模糊相似关系和弱模糊相似关系的概念来代替等价关系，同时引入了弱模糊相似关系的相似度概念和相似类概念，定义了基于弱模糊相似关系的广义粗糙集及标准的广义粗糙集上下近似；研究了两对上下近似算子的性质，讨论了3种粗糙隶属函数的性质并验证了它们的性质。

In this case, a decision analysis method based on extension of rough set theory is proposed .This method replaces indiscernibility relation in original rough set theory with the "indiscernibility-similarity-dominance" relation and obtains rough approximation of knowledge, it will not only be able to resolve the aboved-mentioned problems but also deal with inconsistence in decision table.

针对这种情况，给出一种基于扩展粗糙集的决策分析方法，该方法使用&不可区分-相似-优势&关系代替经典粗糙集中的不可区分关系来获取知识的粗糙近似，不但能够解决上述问题而且还能处理决策表中可能存在的不一致现象。

The work of this present paper mainly includes the investigation of the structure of KDD system, the study of the basic concepts of rough set theory, the research of the questions in the heuristic reduct finding algorithms based the rough set theory used in the data reduction and the discretization in the field of KDD, and the development of the system which is used to study the algorithms of the rough set.

论文的主要工作是了解知识发现的体系结构，学习粗糙集理论的基本概念，研究基于粗糙集理论的约简算法在知识发现领域中进行数据约简和离散化两个方面存在的问题，开发用于粗糙集理论算法研究的实验平台。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。