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The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5~6倍的平均粒径,首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性,发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化,通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分,观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移,并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量;(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型,并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性;(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析,比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响,证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性,还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

We think that feature of granitic geomorphologic landscape of Mt. Chaya, which had been formed by syenogranite with medium—coarse grains,mineral crystallized more coarse and equal,joint and fissure of productional are even spacing,unique geomorphologic place and the special climate condition is from north subtropical zone to warm temperate zone, are evidence that granitic geomorphologic is marked zone.

认为嵖岈山花岗岩地貌景观的特征是因嵖岈山花岗岩为中粗粒正长花岗岩,矿物颗粒结晶比较粗且岩性较均一、岩体内节理裂隙发育程度疏密适中、独特的地貌部位和北亚热带向暖温带过渡地带的气候条件形成的,是花岗岩地貌显著地带性有力见证。

Coarse particles are more sensitive to this kind of depression.

粗粒更易受这种抑制的影响。

But, fusain is high in density and in HGI. It is usually concentrated in the coals of heavier and finer parts. Less oxygen functional groups exists in vitrain even if the total oxygen is high. However, more oxygen functional groups is found in fusain though total oxygen is low.

指出,镜煤的密度较低、HGI值较小、易富集于密度较氢的粗粒径煤中,尽管其总氧含量较高、但是含氧官能团的数量相对较低,丝炭的密度较大、HGI值较高、易富集于较重的细粒径煤中,其总氧含量尽管较低、但是含氧官能团的数量较高。

Mafic granulite and gabbro xenoliths are also found in the same kimberlitic pipes from the Eastern-North China platform, and suggest that multi-accretion events took place. The gabbro was formed lighly earlier with the host kimberlite. The underplating of the mafic magmas was related to the continental orogeny in the late middle-Ordovician Period.

金伯利岩中强烈变质的基性麻粒岩以及变质不彻底的粗粒辉长岩在同一岩管中共存,表明华北古老岩石圈地幔所发生的多次增生作用事件,特别是后者的变质不彻底变质作用暗示其形成时代与金伯利岩相近,这种基性岩浆的底侵作用与华北地台中奥陶世晚期的造陆抬升有关。

To keep certain number of greater patches through protection and restoration in urban area is meaningful;(2) small greenland patches with diverse structure may promote the heterogeneity of urban landscape, and serve as colonial land and stepping stones for certain populations, and create rich types of habitats and ecological niches. So laying small patches in urban environment is also important. Incorporation of the coarse grain and fine grain, aggregation and outliner of landscape elements may creates better landscape patterns;(3) many literatures have showed that good landscape connectivity benefits the longer persistence of species and the conservation of biodiversity.

大的绿地斑块有多种作用,通过城市地区自然景观斑块的保护或城市绿地的建设,在城市中维持一定的较大规模的绿地斑块是有积极意义的;(2)结构不同的小的绿地斑块可增加城市的景观异质性,为生物提供迁徙地、扩散暂歇地,创造丰富的生境资源和生态位,因此,结合大的绿地斑块的建设,同时布置小的绿地斑块作为补充,粗粒、细粒结合,集聚、分散结合是形成优良绿地景观格局的途径;(3)诸多的文献已显示,好的景观连接性有利于物种持续较长的时间,从而有利于生物多样性的保护。

Then, soil structure was destroyed and formed erodible particles with size 0.154 to 0.18 mm in the soil surface. Under the impact of strong winds and vehicle wheels, soil erosion by wind and vehicle wheels in soil surface was severe, and some fine particles (≤0.063mm) disappeared gradually, so soil structure would evolve to be coarse.

在车轮的碾压作用下草原土壤表面形成易风蚀粒子(0.154~0.18 mm),受强风和车轮的携带作用后表土风蚀严重,很多细颗粒(粒径≤0.063 mm)在车轮的携带和强风的作用下会逐渐消失,土壤表面进一步向粗粒化发展。

Study on the Effect of Slimes on Flotation of Zinc Oxide Mineral;2. The Determination for Eight Kinds of Elements in Wudalianchi Slime by Using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrum;3. Test of reducing slime of oxidized zinc ore by using stirring mill has been carried out.

结果表明,搅拌磨能减少次生矿泥的产生,其原因主要是搅拌磨具有选择性破碎和自分级作用,粗粒级矿石受到的破碎作用力较强,而细粒级矿石受到较小的破碎作用力。

Fifty-five groups test data of coarse-grained soil, fine soil and special soil were computed by the model.

运用上述模型计算了55组粗粒土、细粒土等土样的重型击实试验数据,并与目前工程中普遍使用的人工作图法进行比较。

Some coarse gold tin chute chute and sand followed are still used. The mid-19th century, experienced a mechanical transmission belt chute chute and round, becoming one of the major fine-grained non-ferrous metals ore sorting equipment.

有些粗粒砂金溜槽和砂锡溜槽沿袭至今仍有使用。19世纪中叶出现了机械传动的带式溜槽和圆形溜槽,成为当时细粒有色金属矿石的主要选别设备。

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