粗化

Jet scrubbing machine can roughen metal surface with great uniformity.

SCD喷砂机的金属表面粗化处理，可得到良好的粗糙度及均匀度。

The results show that the vacuum boronizing pretreatment method can effectively reduce the diffusion and mobility of Co in cemented carbide substrates and obviously roughen the surface of the cemented carbide.

结果表明，真空渗硼预处理不仅可以有效地消除或控制钴在金刚石沉积时的不利影响，而且还显著粗化硬质合金基体表面。

The geology research of carbonate reservoirs in Ordovician of Tahe oilfield showed that many large dissolved vugs and fractures were developed. The spread of the reservoir take on a very heterogeneous state. And the typical fractured-vuggy reservoirs was formed. According to the combination of the various spaces, the formation was divided into vuggy formation, fractured-vuggy formation and fractured formation. The research showed that development of the vug is relevant to the its position on the structure, the fractures, the water surface and the weathering surface. Multi-phase charge and recharge of the oil in the reservoirs resulted in the complexity of the fluid distribution. So the"Bottle Model"was brought forward to explain the movement of the water-oil contact. The special storage space and the complex fluid distribution lead to the unstability of the production and the complexity of the water cut. In order to explain the characteristic of the fracture-vug unit was brought forward and the basic principle and method of the partition of the fracture-vug unit was formed. The classification and evaluation of the units were performed according the reserve and energy. Based on the research of geology characteristic and the fluid flow in the reservoir the comprehensive numerical simulation plan of the fractured-vuggy reservoirs were established. Through the selection of the simulation unit, fluid flow type and parameter equivalent the triple media reservoir simulation model was established. Considering the practical application the model was resolved by the DKR decomposition conjugate grads method. Based on the fine reservoir description of Dsitrict IV of the Tahe oilfield the various space type were classified and combined together. The geology model of Unit S48 was constructed. Two typical single well model was established according to the geology and the dynamic phenomena. Finally the single well model and the Unit S48 were simulated by the triple media reservoir simulator. Via the local grid refinement and coarsening in the simulation good matchs were gained. Based on the results of the simulation the reserve distribution, percent of reserve produced in various space and the natural energy were analyzed. The fluid was storaged in the fractures and vugs mostly and more than 90% the produced oil came from the systems. The energy belonged to the active one. The results of simulation accorded with the fact and showed the validity and practicability the research and the simulator.

塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏的地质研究表明，其储层中发育着很多大型的溶蚀洞、缝，储层的平面展布呈现出极度的非均质性，形成了典型的缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏，根据各种孔隙介质在储层中的组合，将储层分为了溶洞型、裂缝-溶洞型和裂缝型三类；研究表明溶洞储层的发育和构造位置、裂缝的发育、潜水面和风化面的位置等因素有关；多期充注的油气成藏模式导致了流体复杂的赋存状态，由此提出了所谓的"瓶子模型"，解释生产过程中油水界面的变化；特殊的储集空间类型和流体分布特征导致油田在开发过程中表现出很大的不确定性和含水变化的复杂性，为了合理的解释油气田开发过程中的动态特征，提出了"缝洞单元"的概念，并制定了"缝洞单元"纵横向划分的基本原则和依据及划分方法，并对"缝洞单元"进行了分类和评价；基于地质特征和流体在其中流动规律的研究，提出了缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏的数值模拟综合解决方案，通过模拟单元的选择、流动类型和参数的等效，建立了三重介质油藏三维三相数值模拟模型，采用不完全LU分解预处理共轭梯度法进行了求解；在塔河油田4区精细油藏描述的基础上，将各种类型的孔隙空间进行了归类组合，建立了S48单元的地质模型；通过对油井生产动态进行分析研究，建立了两类和油井地质、生产动态相对应的单井模型；最后应用三重介质油藏数值模拟软件对单井模型和S48单元进行了数值模拟，通过局部加密和粗化等技术模拟流体流动规律，取得了很好的拟合效果；结合数值模拟结果，分析了各种介质中的储量分布、储量产出的百分比以及地层的能量，认为塔河油田缝洞型油藏中流体绝大多数储集于缝洞系统之中，所产出流体90%以上也来自于缝洞系统，其底水能量属于较充足的类型；模拟结果和油田实际情况符合较好，说明了地质研究和油藏数值模拟研究的正确性。

A single dynamic temperature ramp test is adequate in determining both the binodal and spinodal phase separation temperatures.

3即使是线性振荡剪切也会影响共连续相形态结构的发展，动态流变学方法不适于研究聚合物共混体系在spinodal相分离中微区的粗化行为。

The results show that, When is rapidly solidified AlFeVSi alloy exposed thermally at high temperature, main change below 500℃ in the alloy is Ostwald ripening of Al〓〓Si particle, and above 550℃, Al〓〓Si will congregate along grain boundaries, and even appear needle-shaped or clumpish θ-Al〓Fe〓 phase.

结果表明，快凝细粉AlFeVSi合金高温热暴露时，低于500℃，Al〓〓Si仅发生Ostwald粗化，高于550℃，Al〓〓Si则在晶界聚集，甚至有θ-Al〓Fe〓针、块状相形成。

The step and roughened surface promotes simultaneously the methanol oxidation via adsorbed CO and dissolved intermediates, therefore for different pure Pt electrodes, though different faradaic current, the current efficiency for CO〓 formation is approximately same.

台阶位置和粗化表面同时促进了甲醇氧化的两个路径，因此，对于不同的纯Pt电极，尽管甲醇氧化电流不同，CO〓的电流效率接近相同。

In addition, this paper studied using the stochastic fractural theory to simulte the form of fracture, and thought that it is correct to describe fracture by the fractural characteristics of fracture grid.

详细讨论了建立在渗流力学理论基础上的两种网格粗化技术，实现了油藏地质模型与油藏数值模拟的接轨。

It is very detrimental to materials performance. From the viewpoint of the effects of PPB precipitation on the frature of hipped P/M Rene'95, the surface segregation and reaction in Rene'95 powder metallurgy superalloy were analyzed by modern surface techniques and by electron microscopy. The mechanisms of the formation and reduction of PPB precipitation are revealed.

本文从原始颗粒边界析出对热等静压压坯断裂的作用的角度出发，利用现代表面分析技术及电子显微分析技术研究了Rene′95雾化粉末表面的偏析、预处理粉末的表面反应和表面析出相的粗化规律以及热等静压压坯的界面反应和原始颗粒边界析出相，揭示了原始颗粒边界析出的形成机理和预处理方法改善原始颗粒边界析出的原因。

The stability of lamellae decreases with decreasing interlamellar spacing and discontinuous coarsening occurres during aging.

层状组织的稳定性随片间距减小而降低，表现为时效时发生不连续粗化。

According to the principle of isochronic facies controlled modelling, this paper systematically studied the high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, the microfacies research, the structure modelling, the facies modelling, the parameter modelling, the upscaling, and the flow simulation, and probed the new idea and new flow chart of stochastic modelling in terrestrial reservoirs.

本着等时相控建模的原则，本文开展高分辨率层序地层学-微相研究-构造建模-相建模-参数建模-网格粗化序列研究，探讨陆相储层随机建模的新思路和新流程，并总结密井网区地质规律以指导类似地区的油气开发。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。