粗化

M porous structure confirms transmission of body fluid of human body and ingrowths of mineral and fiber tissue, then made it firmer combine with around tissue of human body and the commutative pores was favourable for affusion of bioactive HA.

本实验采用东北大学陶瓷研究所研制成功的由Ti粉和Ni粉为主要原料，采用TiH_2和NH_4HCO_3作为造孔剂，通过粉末冶金方法制备的多孔NiTi合金，并采用真空灌注羟基磷灰石的方法取得的种植体的新材料，在添加TiH_2做为造孔剂的基础上在Ti：Ni原子比为50%：50%的试样中添加NH_4HCO_3做为第二种造孔剂后，试样中的气孔经检测是由100～500μm的大孔、1～50μm小孔和1μm以下的微孔组成，产生了合理的粗化表面并同时得到了固位良好的生物涂层。

The results indicate that the effect of alloying elements V and Cr on mechanical properties at room-temperature, creep behavior and microstructures are similar. With increasing contents of V and Cr, their mechanical properties produce little change, the creep resistant property decreases and microstructure grows, which is mainly due to their characteristics of β-stability element and smaller atomic radius compared with Ti. On the contrary, the effects of V and Cr on the thermal stability are quite different. With increasing V content or decreasing Cr content the thermal stability for the alloy becomes better, which may be due to the different solution characteristics of V and Cr element in titanium alloy that V belongs to isomorphous β-stability element and Cr belongs to eutectoid β-stability element.

结果表明：合金元素V和Cr对Ti40合金室温力学性能、蠕变行为和组织的影响具有相似性，即随V和Cr含量的降低，合金室温综合力学性能变化不明显、抗蠕变能力减弱、组织粗化：这与V和Cr同属于β稳定元素、且原子半径都小于Ti原子有关；而V和Cr对于热稳定性能的影响则完全相反，V含量的增加或Cr含量的降低含金热稳定性能优化，其主要原因可能与V属于同品型β稳定元素而Cr属于共析型β稳定元素有关。

The experiment of pretreatment shows that polyurethane foam can be washed clearly in both organic and chemical unoil, good effects of coarsening can be gained only if polyure foam can be squeened repeatly and uniform mass loss between 2.0 and 3.0mg·cm~(-3). The result of activation is perfect even if the cheaper silver nitrate instead of expensive palladium bichloride is used as active agent in the experiment. The influence on quality of chemical plating, conductivity, depositon rate by the kinds of reduction, silver contents, PH and stabilizing agent was studied.

预处理实验结果表明：采用有机除油和化学除油即可清除聚氨酯泡沫表面油污；反复充分挤压泡沫，控制聚氨酯泡沫均匀减重2.0～3.0mg·cm~(-3)可获得良好的粗化效果；用硝酸银型代替氯化钯做活化剂，并施以适当的工艺同样可取得良好的活化效果。

Moreover,Al_2Er phase is face centered cubic structure,which is different with the structure of Mg(Hexagonal Close-Packed).

但是过量的Zr将与合金中的Al反应生成Al_3Zr沉淀相，消耗了合金中的Al元素，减弱了Al对镁合金的细化、强化作用，而且由于Al_3Zr与镁基体没有共格关系，不能起到细化晶粒的作用，合金组织粗化。

Homogenization treatment before the extrusion coarsened the grain size and reduced the tensile strength and yield strength.

挤压前均匀化热处理使挤压态合金的晶粒尺寸粗化，拉伸强度和屈服强度降低。

Microstructures of Mg-3Zn-xY alloys after heat-treatment indicate that dissolvability of interdendritic phases in Mg-3Zn-xY alloys increases, second phases are passivated, and hardness grows up while temperature of solution treatment rises, gradually, the second phase of alloys coarsens and hardness decreases obviously when temperature of solution treatment is up to 550℃.

热处理后的显微组织显示，随着固溶温度的增加，Mg-3Zn-xY合金的晶间组织溶解程度不断增大，第二相逐渐钝化，硬度升高；当固溶处理温度达到550℃时，第二相明显粗化，合金的硬度下降。

The experimental results show that microwave sintering promotes the densification of green compacts with higher heating rate and reduced sintering cycle. The sintered relative density of 99.8% can be achieved during microwave processing under appropriate conditions. In addition, microwave sintering improves the uniformity and homogenization of W grain size, and yet leads to growth of W grain. Fe sintering aid degrades the microstructure uniformity and further coarsens W grains. The present investigation demonstrates the feasibility of applying microwave sintering technique to consolidate W-Cu composites and its promising outlook in reducing production cycle and cost.

结果表明：微波烧结升温速度快，周期短，能促进W-Cu材料的致密化；在适当条件下，微波烧结能获得相对密度达99.8%的W-Cu样品；微波烧结能改善W-Cu样品中两相分布的均匀性和W晶粒尺寸的一致性，但引起W晶粒的快速长大；Fe烧结助剂导致W-Cu材料显微组织均匀性变差，并引起晶粒进一步粗化；微波烧结技术能够应用于W-Cu材料的制备，在缩短生产周期、降低生产成本方面具有潜在优势。

The output power of an optimally roughened surface VLED shows 30% to 110% increase compared to that of a conventional VLED.

110%的增强相较於没有在表面制造粗化的垂直式氮化镓光光二极体。

In the thesis, we report the GaN vertical light emitting diodes with micro lens array and surface roughening.

在本篇论文中，主要是探讨垂直式氮化镓发光二极体在表面制作微米透镜阵列与表面粗化的制成技术与特性量测。

In the refinement stage, logarithmic diameter of silicon is inversely proportional to logarithmic time, however, in the coarsening stage, they are proportional to each other, which follows the Ostwald ripening theory.

在细化阶段，硅相直径的对数与时间的对数呈反比关系；而在粗化阶段，二者呈正比关系，遵从Ostwald熟化理论。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。