粗化

In esterification of 2,6-NDA obtained from Henkel reaction of 1,8-naphthalenedicarboanhydride catalyzed non-cadmium catalyst zinc carbonate, the effect of process parameters like esterification catalyst and its amount used, reaction temperature and time, and methanol/anhydride molar ration, etc, was investigated.

在碳酸锌催化和二氧化碳气氛中1，8-萘二甲酸酐于300～340℃反应3～4小时，可以较高收率地获得2，6-萘二甲酸粗品，收率达到62％，该产物可以直接用于合成双酯的酯化反应中。

In the whole market development, there are also a lot of places: 1、decoration personnel, decentralization, spare no good management system, not by most decoration of professional training and lack of effective knowledge in the cases of housing decoration, the quality of the crisis, cut corners, crude abuse of engineering quality is low, no guarantee after-sale, etc. 2、in the industry, many designers unspoken rules, and for his own benefit subcontracted, the owner of this link purchase materials, a rake-off extraction. 3、decoration materials, the source of confusion, very small workshop of small companies selling certificates of poor quality material, often without the use of security, and short, etc.

在整个市场的发展中，也存在很多不规范的地方：1、装修人员的业余化，分散化，没有良好的管理系统，打多数装修人员没有受到过良好的专业培训，在缺乏有效的知识的情况下，往往对住房的装修质量带来不小的影响，偷工减料，粗制滥共工程质量低下，售后无保障等等。2、行业中潜规则，不少的设计师和施工者，为了自身的利益，在业主购买材料的这一环节中，提取着回扣。3、装修材料的来源非常混乱，小作坊，无证件的小商家兜售的材料，往往质量差，无保障，使用年限短等等。

Solanesol was extracted in the waste tobacco leaves by dynamic saponification method of ethanol and solvent naphtha.

建立了以废次烟叶粗提物为原料，采用乙醇和溶剂油动态皂化方法萃取茄尼醇的工艺。

The results as below: 1 The extracting rate, melting point and saponification value of refined beeswax were 91.13%, 63~69°C, 107.77 mgKOH/g respectively.

结果表明：(1)原料粗蜂蜡精制后的得率为91.13％，精制蜂蜡的熔点为63～69℃，皂化值为107.77mgKOH／g。

Mainly for crude salt insoluble impurities through the filter to remove impurities soluble chemicals, Selection of the appropriate reagents transform it into filter to remove sediment.

主要是对粗食盐中不溶性杂质通过过滤法除去，可溶性杂质用化学法，选用合适的试剂使它转化为沉淀过滤除去。

Optimum conditions are as follows: DMF is used as solvent, compound quaternary ammonium salt as catalyst, n(p-nitrochloro benzene):n=1: 1.2, m:m(p-nitrochloro benzene)=4%, m:m(p-nitrochloro benzene)1:1, and reacted under 155~160℃ for 18 h; reduction reaction is carried out in methanol with Raney nickel, which is used as catalyst; the raw product is added an antioxidant, and distilled simply under reduced pressure to obtain 4-fluoroaniline with excellence quality, purity is over 99.5%, total yield is 89.3%.

实验结果表明，氟化反应的最佳条件为：二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂、复合季铵盐为催化剂，n：n=1：1.2，m（催化剂：m=4%，m：m=1：1，于155~160℃下反应18h；还原反应在甲醇中进行，以阮内镍为催化剂；粗产品加入抗氧剂，减压条件下简单蒸馏得高品位的对氟苯胺。

Computer and image analysis technology were used in this instrument to measure the morphological parameters of the fibers such as fiber length, fiber width, cell wall thickness, fiber coarseness, fibers proportion in the furnish, fibrillating degree, curl index, contents of fines and parenchyma cells.

介绍了一种新型的造纸纤维测量仪，该仪器将计算机及图像处理技术用于造纸纤维形态参数的测量，如纤维长度、宽度、细胞壁厚度、纤维粗度、纤维配比、打浆帚化率、纤维弯曲指数、细小纤维和杂细胞含量等，并兼有摄像和打印功能。

At first, the broth was acidified, then centrifuged to get mycelia, which was heated and powdered; finally we use acetic ether to soak the powder. After that, the phase of acetic ether was washed using the solution of ammonium sulfate and the solution of ethanedioic acid, then concentrated to gain pulps. It was crystallized at 4℃.The coarse crystals was decolorized by activated carbons, the pure needle crystal of lovastatin was obtained.

发酵液经酸化处理后，离心得到菌体，烘干后过筛得到菌粉；用乙酸乙酯浸泡，乙酸乙酯相需用(NH_4)_2SO_4溶液和草酸溶液洗涤两次；乙酸乙酯相经薄膜浓缩得到浆状物，于4℃结晶，得到粗晶体；再经粉末活性炭脱色和重结晶后得白色针状结晶，为lovastatin的纯品。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。