粗化

The results show that γ' phase coarsens and rafts with the rise of aging temperature and time.

结果表明：随着时效温度和时间的增加，γ'粗化形筏。

With increasing aging time, the equilibrium precipitates formed along GBs coarsens, and growth of PFZ turns to be affected by the process of solute depletion near GBs .

随着时效时间的延长，晶界析出相粗化，晶界PFZ的宽度增加，PFZ的成长逐渐转变为受溶质损耗影响。

The result shows that B combines with N prior to Al at high temperature and brings about coarse particles of BN (about 900 nm), which effectively reduces the amount of fine and dispersive AlN particles, and BN precipitate clinging to MnS precipitation coarsens MnS particles, the pinning of austenite grain boundary is alleviated and the grain growth of ferrite is suppressed.

结果表明高温时B优先于Al与N结合生成粗大的BN粒子(约900 nm)，有效降低了热轧过程细小而弥散的AlN析出量，同时BN依附MnS析出而粗化MnS粒子，减弱了细小弥散析出粒子对奥氏体晶界钉扎以及相变后铁素体晶粒长大的抑制作用。

The Evolutional manners and dimensional rules of γmatrix and γ'precipitates in the [001], [110] and [111] oriented specimens of nickel-base single crystal superalloy CMSX-4 during the tensile creep at 1253 K and 350 MPa were studied.The effects of the change in characteristic dimensions of γand γ' phases on the strain and strain rate were compared for the differently oriented single crystal specimens.It was found that the effect of change in mean width of γchannels along the direction of directional coarsening of γ' precipitates(the lamella spacings between adjacent rafted γ'precipitates)on the strain and strain rate is remarkable.

研究了1253K，350MPa拉伸蠕变过程中[001]，[110]和[111]取向镍基单晶高温合金CMSX－4基体相γ和析出相γ'的演变方式及相尺寸的变化规律比较了不同取向单晶试样中γ和γ'特征尺寸的变化对蠕变应变量和应变速率的影响结果表明，沿γ'定向粗化方向上γ基体通道宽度的变化速率对蠕变应变量和应变速率的影响较为明显。

At the same time,a tension stress is applied on theγ′phase interfaces along the direction parallel to the stress axis,which results in the lattice expansion ofγ′phase to trap the Al,Ta atoms with the bigger radius.This brings out the accumulation of the solute atoms to form the N-type rafted structure.Al,Ta atoms with bigger radius diffuse to the {100} plane to form the linked bond of the heterogeneous atoms and the stable stacking mode,this is a main reason of promoting the transformation ofγ′phase into the N-type rafted structure.And the change of the strain energy density in different interfaces of the cubical-likeγ′phase is thought to be the driving force of the elements diffusion and theγ′phase directional growth during creep.

拉伸蠕变期间，类立方γ\'相中与施加应力轴垂直的界面受水平切应力，使晶格收缩可排斥较大半径的Al、Ta原子；与应力轴平行的界面受拉伸张应力，使晶格扩张可诱捕较大半径的Al、Ta原子，由此引起的原子偏聚形成γ\'相是自由能降低的过程；其中，较大半径的Al、Ta原子扩散迁移至{100}晶面，形成异类原子结合键及稳定的堆垛方式，是促使γ\'相形成N-型筏状结构的主要原因；而γ\'相不同界面的应变能密度变化是元素扩散及γ\'相定向粗化的驱动力。

Pt (111) is not favourable for methanol adsorption, and roughened surface and steps facilitates methanol adsorption.

Pt(111)表面不利于甲醇的吸附，台阶位置和粗化表面能够促进甲醇的吸附。

The steps and roughened surface can enhance CO oxidation.

台阶位置和粗化表面有利于CO的氧化。

Low or Non-absorbent surfaces should be roughened to form a key.

低或Non-absorbent 表面应该被粗化形成钥匙状。

A new method (screen-printing) of roughening anode/electrolyte interface is presented.

提出了一种新的粗化阳极/电解质界面的方法--丝网印刷法。

The process flow and conditions of roughening by copper plating for wrought rolled copper foil were introduced.

介绍了压延铜箔镀铜粗化工艺的工艺流程和工艺条件。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐