粗化

Another approach in enhancing the light extraction efficiency of AlGaInP LED was accomplished using a surface roughening process. In this process, the Au(170 nm)/AuBe(260 nm)/Au(170 nm) ohmic contact layers were first deposited on the GaP window layer. After the alloy annealing process (480°C for 10 min), the Be atoms will diffuse into the GaP top layer and form non-uniform clusters. The LED samples were then immersed into a mixture 3H3PO4:1H2O2:1H2O solution for 6 min, resulting in a rough GaP surface. The luminous intensity of the AlGaInP LED can increase from 42 to 50 mcd, that is, an 18% enhancement can be achieved via the present non-photolithography surface roughening process.Keywords: LED, AlGaInP, Cu substrate, Reflector, Surface roughening

在实验的第二部份是开发磷化镓窗口层之粗化制程，我们是藉由正面金/铍欧姆接触电极之熔合制程，使铍扩散至磷化镓层，同时利用铍渗入磷化镓造成之特殊组成，可形成不均匀之蚀刻阻挡，而在磷化镓表面形成粗化，我们发现480℃、10分钟的熔合制程，加上浸泡磷化镓蚀刻溶液6分钟，可将四元发光二极体之发光亮度由42 mcd 提升到50 mcd，经由此无光罩粗化制程可将亮度提升18%，明显提升磷化铝铟镓发光二极体之外部量子效率。

The coarsening direction and final morphology vary with stress axis orientation, the γ′precipitates in [001] orientation coarsen as rod-like structure in the direction of [001] , and those in [110] orientation coarsen in the directions of [100] and [010] to form 〓-like structure, while those in [111] orientation do not exhibit any tendency of directional coarsening, growing isotropically only by capillary-driven style.

颗粒粗化方向及形态依赖于应力轴取向，[001]取向中的γ′颗粒沿[001]方向粗化成rod结构；[110]取向中的γ′颗粒沿[100]和[010]方向长大，形成'〓'结构；而[111]取向中的γ′颗粒没有表现出沿任何方向上的定向粗化趋势，只是以毛细驱动方式各相同性长大。

Yu introduced in 1997 the localization Roe algebras , and shown that, to attack the Coarse Baum-Connes Conjecture, it suffices to prove that the local index map is an isomorphism from the coarse K-homology to the K-theory of the localization Roe algebras.

Yu受热方程方法的启发，引入局部化Roe代数，把粗Baum-Connes猜测的证明归结为证明从粗化K-同调群到局部化Roe代数的K-理论群的局部指标映射为同构。

Using DRG,we solved the KPZequation satisfy conservation law and long-range spatial and long-timecorrelation,the roughen and dynamic exponent was found,the roughentransition was also discussed.

本文利用动力重整化群方法研究了具有长程空间相关和长程时间、空间相关条件下的满足守恒律的生长方程，得到了粗化和动力学标度指数，并讨论了长程时空相关对生长表面粗化的影响[36，34]。

By using the laser-lift-off technique followed by plasma etching process to roughen the surface, the VLEDs with n-GaN surface roughening has been fabricated.

另一部份，则是在垂直式氮化镓发光二极体的表面制造粗化的效果，以来增进光从发光二极体中萃取出的效率，利用乾式蚀刻将表面制造出粗化的效果，再利用标准的黄光微影制成技术，因此成功的制造出n型表面粗化的垂直式氮化镓发光二极体，至於出光强度的增强量会随者表面粗化情况的不同有著30%？

Heat sintered ZrO_2 ceramic does not react with any acids and bases except HF. It can't be coarsened by the traditional pretreatment process. Through a great deal of experiments, author found a kind of coarsened prescription which can corrode ZrO_2 ceramic, forming many holes and troughs on its surface.

高温烧结后的ZrO_2陶瓷的化学稳定性很高，除HF外不溶于任何酸碱，传统的粗化液对它没有粗化作用，笔者通过大量的实验，找到了ZrO_2陶瓷粗化液的配方，它能在ZrO_2表面腐蚀出大量均匀的微坑和凹槽。

The coarsened structure perpendicular to primary crack plane exhibits better propagation resistance than that parallel with primary crack plane, but it seems that crack propagation property at high temperature can not be improved by changing γ′precipitates morphology.

颗粒形态不会改变裂纹扩展路径及微观机制，粗化结构的疲劳裂纹扩展阻力随温度升高而降低的趋势比原始结构剧烈，同时与主裂纹面垂直的粗化结构具有比与主裂纹面平行的粗化结构更好的疲劳裂纹扩展抗力，但通过改变γ′形态似乎不能改善高温下裂纹扩展性能。

The results showed that the hardness of CGHAZ is decreasing,bainite ferrite strip coarsens,the shape of M－A constituents transforms strip into block,its size becomes large,and its bulk extends, with increasing of t8/5.In addition austenitic,M－A constituents in γ grain boundary coarsens and manifolds with increasing of t8/5.They all deteriorate the toughness of pipeline.And the extended zone of impact fracture shows brittle.

结果表明，随着t8/5的增加，粗晶区硬度逐渐减小，贝氏体化铁素体粗化，且其间的M－A组元由条状转变为块状，平均弦长增加，体积分数增大，奥氏体晶界M－A组元增多变粗，管线钢的韧性恶化，抗裂性变差，冲击断口扩展区呈脆性断裂。

Aiming at the quality of metallization on polyester fabric which is used for microwave protection and electromagnetic wave shielding, the roughening effect of three methods was compared and the best one was got. Then, the method has been made better by using orthogonal test.

针对微波防护和电磁屏蔽用涤纶织物金属化的附着强度问题，研究了3种粗化液对涤纶织物的粗化效果，得出较好的粗化液，并利用正交试验对该粗化液的工艺进行了优化，从而得到了一种可行的粗化工艺方法和条件。

Through the morphological observation on silicon particles of Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy, it is found, that during solution heat treatment the evolution of eutectic silicon morphology and their effect on mechanical property can be classified into three stages. In the initial stage, necking, stubbing and fragmentation of silicon particles results in an improvement in plasticity of the alloy. In the intermediate stage, the mechanical properties of the alloy attain peak values due to the spheroidization of silicon particles.

在固溶处理过程中，共晶硅相形貌发生了显著的变化，并对合金的性能产生了很大的影响；通过定量金相分析，共晶硅相形貌的演变及其对合金力学性能的影响可划分为三个阶段：固溶初期硅相的熔断和钝化使合金的塑性得到显著的提高；固溶中期以粒化为主，合金的力学性能达到了峰值；固溶后期硅相的粗化符合LSW粗化模型，硅相形貌呈现棱角小面特性，合金性能降低。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。