粒子运动

Electric current: Movement of electric charge carrier s.

电流：带电亚原子粒子、离子或空穴等荷电粒子的运动。

The use of charged particle in an electromagnetic field equations of motion and solve the differential equations.

把电磁作用力作用到一个粒子上得出了Lorentz力公式，利用带电粒子在电磁场中的运动方程并解这个微分方程。

Firstly, according to the difficulties in the optimization of chemical engineering and the intrinsic disadvantage of deterministic optimization algorithms, this work analyzed the importance and advantage of stochastic algorithms, and proposed some important aspects in research on them. Secondly, genetic algorithm was applied to two problems of data driven modeling, one of which was combination problem, the other was mixed integer nonlinear programming. Thirdly, systemic investigations were made on the basic structure, dynamic behavior and modifications of particle swarm optimization. Lastly, two kinds of proposed PSO algorithms were applied on calculation of phase equilibrium, which is nonconvex optimization.

本文首先根据化工优化中存在的困难和确定性优化算法内在的缺点，分析了随机优化算法的重要性，并提出研究随机优化算法应注意的问题；其次，将遗传算法应用于两个数据驱动建模问题，一为组合优化问题，一为混合整数优化问题；再次，从粒子群优化算法的基本结构、运动行为、改进方法做了系统的研究：最后，将提出的两种改进粒子群优化算法应用于相平衡计算问题，为非凸全局优化问题。

2Particle numeral density distributing law of the system not only bear on and average speed and seat gravitational potential energy of system,but also bear on grads of temperature and speed about distance of system,at one time,it bears on whole spore speed of system.

本文详细的分析了地球大气系统粒子的数密度的分布规律，从中发现：(1)该系统的平衡条件有别于一般热力学系统的平衡条件；(2)该系统粒子数密度分布规律不仅与系统粒子的平均速度和所在处的重力势能有关，而且还与系统的温度和速度的距离梯度有关，也与系统的整体运动速度有关。

In the field, the popular methods include: using Kalman filter or Particle filter to estimate motion, estimate the optical flow, utilizing the active contour model, the active shape model and the deformable template to tracking the objects, and using the Geodesic active contour model or Geodesic active region model which based the partial difference equation method and level set frame.

在该领域常用的方法有利用Kalman滤波及粒子滤波进行运动预测，通过计算光流评价目标运动，利用活动轮廓模型，活动形状模型，可变形模板等主动形状模型方法以及测地线活动轮廓模型，测地线活动区域模型等基于偏微分方程的方法来跟踪目标运动。

This paper introduces the principle of particle system. The fountain movement in the true life was analyzed by physics dynamics. A fountain particle system has been developed based on VC++ and OpenGL.

阐述了粒子系统方法的基本原理，基于粒子系统方法，运用物体动力学分析了现实中喷泉的运动，设计并实现了一个基于VC++和OpenGL的喷泉粒子系统。

It detailed analyzed particle numeral densitydistributing law about system of the earth atmosphere In it to found : 1 balance condition of the system is differentiate and ecumenic thermodynamic system .

本文详细的分析了地球大气系统粒子的数密度的分布规律，从中发现：(1)该系统的平衡条件有别于一般热力学系统的平衡条件；(2)该系统粒子数密度分布规律不仅与系统粒子的平均速度和所在处的重力势能有关，而且还与系统的温度和速度的距离梯度有关，也与系统的整体运动速度有关。

The static experiment is done. In this paper, first I introduce some characteristics of the nano-fluids such as motion. The parallel laser is used to illuminate vertically the nano-particle producing dynamic speckle. The Laser speckle velocity is underlain by the fact that movement of a diffuse object illuminated by coherent light results in a random time variation of a speckle pattern observed in both the image plane and the diffraction field.

在描述了纳米流体的基本特点，以及根据布朗运动理论纳米流体的运动特性的基础上，考虑到将采用激光垂直照射纳米流体，由纳米颗粒散射的光线将互相干涉形成散斑的测试方法，从理论上推导了纳米颗粒的运动速度和散斑运动速度的关系，得到了在菲涅尔衍射区域，散斑的移动速度等于纳米粒子的移动速度的结论。

As such the mechanism of particle transfer in a fully developed wake can be explained as: move around vortexes and forward with wake flow.

因此粒子在充分发展尾流中的运动可以描述为：一边绕涡团运动，一边随涡团向尾部运动。

To better the application of PTV technique in complex surface flow field,an automatic image segmentation method based on frame difference and adaptive threshold was established,and particle signature identification was introduced,which bettered the effect of particle recognition and tracking in complex flow field.

为了改善粒子跟踪测速技术在复杂流场测速中的应用效果，本文采用基于帧间差分和自适应阈值的自动图像分割技术，引入粒子的特征标识，改善了复杂流场中粒子识别与运动跟踪的效果；另外，通过流速滤波、插值处理，提高了流速测量的精度。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。